One of the more noteworthy changes that have taken place since the mid-19th century is the situation of Catholics at Oxford and Cambridge Universities.

The term Ethiopic Ocean, derived from Ethiopia, was applied to the southern Atlantic as late as the mid-19th century.

The term Ethiopian Ocean sometimes appeared until the mid-19th century.

By the mid-19th century scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the region.

In the mid-19th century important leaders included Transcendentalists such as Ralph Waldo Emerson ( 1803 – 1882 ) and Henry David Thoreau ( 1817 – 1862 ).

* In the Michael Flynn novel In the Country of the Blind, a secret society calling itself the Babbage Society secretly financed the building of Babbage Engines in the mid-19th century.

In the mid-19th century, numerous modifications were attempted to alleviate these problems, as well as improve holding power, including one-armed mooring anchors.

From Russian arrival in the Aleutian Islands in 1786 through the mid-19th century, the Russians invaded and enslaved the natives, and many of the Aleut customs disappeared.

Various written accounts of bunyips were made by Europeans in the early and mid-19th century, as settlement spread across the country.

In the mid-19th century Scottish antiquaries called brochs ' burgs ', after Old Norse borg, with the same meaning.

Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.

By the mid-19th century, Bayonne had declined somewhat with the centralisation of power to Paris and to the new département capital, non-Basque Pau, after the 1789 French Revolution, and with Wellington's bombardment.

William Robert Hicks the humorist was domestic superintendent in the mid-19th century.

Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree.

This was problematic, as the patroon system of land holding, based on the feudal system and civil law, continued to operate in the colony until it was abolished in the mid-19th century.

Contra dances were fashionable in the United States until the early to mid-19th century, when they were supplanted in popularity by square dances ( such as the quadrille and lancers ) and couple dances ( such as the waltz and polka ).

The slave trade was largely suppressed by the mid-19th century.

Croatian romantic nationalism emerged in mid-19th century to counteract the apparent Germanization and Magyarization of Croatia.

In the mid-19th century, Cambridge was the center of a literary revolution when it gave the country a new identity through poetry and literature.

Use of the CE abbreviation was introduced by Jewish academics in the mid-19th century.

During his reign, Saladin also constructed the Cairo Citadel, which served as the seat of the Egyptian government until the mid-19th century.

Until the mid-19th century, when the river was tamed by dams, levees, and other controls, the Nile in the vicinity of Cairo was highly susceptible to changes in course and surface level.

Conservative Judaism ( also known as Masorti Judaism outside of the United States and Canada ) is a modern stream of Judaism that arose out of intellectual currents in Germany in the mid-19th century and took institutional form in the United States in the early 1900s.

Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as " football ", played at public schools in England in the mid-19th century.

During the 17th century cavalry in Europe lost most of its armor, ineffective against the muskets and cannon which were coming into use, and by the mid-19th century armor had mainly fallen into disuse, although some regiments retained a small thickened cuirass that offered protection against lances and sabres and some protection against shot.

A great variety of synthetic dyes have been developed since the synthesis of indigo dye in the mid-19th century ; however, natural dyes are also possible, although they are generally less brilliant.

A great variety of synthetic dyes have been developed since the synthesis of indigo dye in the mid-19th century ; however, natural dyes are also possible, although they are generally less brilliant.

In between the bass and the tenor is the baritone, which also varies in weight from say, Guglielmo in Mozart's Così fan tutte to Posa in Verdi's Don Carlos ; the actual designation " baritone " was not used until the mid-19th century.

Likewise, Manchuria was also governed by military generals until its division into provinces, though some areas of Xinjiang and Manchuria were lost to the Russian Empire in the mid-19th century.

The old Slovene orthography, also known as Bohorič's Alphabet, which was developed by the Protestants in the 16th century and remained in use until mid-19th century, testified to the unbroken tradition of Slovene culture as established in the years of the Protestant Reformation.

The spelling " Shakspeare ", used by Bowdler, and also by his nephew Thomas in his memoir of the older man, was changed in later editions in the mid-19th century to " Shakespeare ".

However, while the names Shiraz and Hermitage gradually seem to have replaced Scyras in Australia from the mid-19th century, the spelling Shiraz has also been documented in British sources back to at least the 1830s.

These ideas also spilled over into domestic kitchen architecture because of a growing trend that called for a professionalization of household work, started in the mid-19th century by Catharine Beecher and amplified by Christine Frederick's publications in the 1910s.

Its initial responsibilities also included penitentiaries, firefighting, state enterprises, the state postal system, state property, construction, roads, medicine, clergy, natural resources, and nobility ; most of them were transferred to other ministries and government bodies by the mid-19th century.

When Mr. Barkis dies, she inherits a substantial portion of his estate, valued at £ 3, 000 – a large sum in the mid-19th century ( he also leaves modest annuities for David, Mr. Daniel Peggotty, and Little Emily ).

Japan enjoyed a period of relative peace during the Sakoku period from 1600 to the mid-19th century, also called the " Pax Tokugawa ".

Indian Neck and Pine Orchard were also settled, but neither of those settlements was permanent until the mid-19th century.

The town was also very diverse religiously, with several faiths practicing by the mid-19th century.

* Jacinto Courthouse ( also called the Old Tishomingo County Courthouse )-built in the mid-19th century in the Federal style

During the mid-19th century, Huntsville was also the home to Mount Pleasant College.

The United States Navy has named several ships USS Bancroft, as well as the fleet ballistic missile submarine USS George Bancroft ( SBN-643 ), after Bancroft, and the mid-19th century United States Coast Survey schooner USCS Bancroft also was named for him.

Sir Charles Barry FRS ( 23 May 1795 – 12 May 1860 ) was an English architect, best known for his role in the rebuilding of the Palace of Westminster ( also known as the Houses of Parliament ) in London during the mid-19th century, but also responsible for numerous other buildings and gardens.

There is also a Norwegian stave church, moved here from Vang, Norway in the mid-19th century.

His principal works also include Ireland Since the Famine, the standard university textbook for Irish history from the mid-19th to late-20th century, and a biography of Charles Stewart Parnell.

Berlin Work ( also spelled Berlinwork ) refers to a subset of needlepoint, popular in the mid-19th Century that was stitched in brightly colored wool on needlepoint canvas from hand-colored charts.

However, Tammany Hall also served as an engine for graft and political corruption, perhaps most infamously under William M. " Boss " Tweed in the mid-19th century.

This happened under the influence of ideas of the Anabaptists which were ideas also seen in the Donatists in North Africa in 311 A. D. ( Jack Hoad, The Baptist, London, Grace Publications, 1986, page 32 ) and these ideas then spread to Calvinists through the Congregationalist and Baptist movements, and to Lutherans through Pietism ( although much of Lutheranism recoiled against the Pietist movement after the mid-19th century ).