Graph of komatiite geochemistry MgO % vs Cr ppm, from basal flows, Wannaway, Western AustraliaThe pristine volcanic mineralogy of komatiites is composed of forsteritic olivine ( Fo90 and upwards ), calcic and often chromian pyroxene, anorthite ( An85 an upwards ) and chromite.

Because of this ubiquitous metamorphism, the mineralogy of a komatiite reflects primary magmatic chemistry, and the metamorphic fluids which have affected the rocks.

Thus, the current metamorphic mineralogy of a komatiite will reflect the chemistry, which in turn represents an inference as to its volcanological facies and stratigraphic position.

Blueschist mineralogy varies by rock composition, but the classic equilibrium assemblages of blueschist facies are:

In the realms of botany, zoology, and mineralogy, Shen Kuo documented and systematically described hundreds of different plants, agricultural crops, rare vegetation, animals, and minerals found in China.

In an optical mineralogy analysis, thin sections of rock samples are analyzed through a petrographic microscope, where the minerals can be identified through their different properties in plane-polarized and cross-polarized light, including their birefringence, pleochroism, twinning, and interference properties with a conoscopic lens.

Determinative mineralogy is the actual scientific process of identifying minerals, through data gathering and conclusion.

Natural history referred to the descriptive aspects of biology, though it also included mineralogy and other non-biological fields ; from the Middle Ages through the Renaissance, the unifying framework of natural history was the scala naturae or Great Chain of Being.

In the same year, largely through his influence, the university of Bern was established and he became the first professor of mineralogy.

He then proceeded through the academic ranks as an assistant professor of metallurgy ( 1886 – 1888 ), professor of mineralogy and petrography ( 1888 – 1892 ), professor of Archaean and applied geology ( 1890 – 1892 ), and professor of geology ( after 1892 ).

From a detailed examination of the mineralogy of these concretions and the carbon and oxygen isotopes of the calcite cement comprising them, McBride and others concluded that they formed as the result of diffusion of calcium through and precipitation of calcite within the sandstone containing them after being deeply buried.

Lunar basalts show exotic textures and mineralogy, particularly shock metamorphism, lack of the oxidation typical of terrestrial basalts, and a complete lack of hydration.

In mineralogy, shape and size give rise to descriptive terms applied to the typical appearance, or habit of crystals.

For example, the typical flow facies ( see below ) may have the following mineralogy ;

The detailed analysis of minerals by optical mineralogy in thin section and the micro-texture and structure are critical to understanding the origin of the rock.

The more magnesian-rich olivine-rich flow base facies tend to be free from tremolite and chlorite mineralogy and are dominated by either serpentine-brucite +/- anthophyllite if hydrated, or talc-magnesite if carbonated.

Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization.

* Characterize the mineralogy and textures of rocks and soils to determine the processes that created them.

* Characterize the mineralogy and textures of rocks and soils and determine the processes that created them.

An exact and conscientious worker, he did much to improve and systematize the processes of analytical chemistry and mineralogy, and his appreciation of the value of quantitative methods led him to become one of the earliest adherents of the Lavoisierian doctrines outside France.

He published observations on geology and mineralogy in Spain and Italy as well as in central and northern Europe: he wrote on gypsum, pyrites, felspar, tachylite, cordierite and on some eruptive rocks, and devoted much attention to the crystals developed during metallurgical processes.

To do this, the mineralogy of the ore needs to be considered as this dictates the amount of liberation required and the processes that can occur.

These displayed his prolific habits and literally encyclopedic knowledge of topics such as logic, theology, botany, geography, astronomy, astrology, mineralogy, chemistry, zoology, physiology, phrenology and others ; all of which were the result of logic and observation.

In geology and mineralogy, the term " carbonate " can refer both to carbonate minerals and carbonate rock ( which is made of chiefly carbonate minerals ), and both are dominated by the carbonate ion, CO. Carbonate minerals are extremely varied and ubiquitous in chemically precipitated sedimentary rock.

Modern advances have included extensive study of liquid crystals, which also extensively involve mineralogy.

The precise details of the process will vary from one furnace to another depending on the mineralogy of the orebody from which the concentrate originates.

The application of X-ray crystallography to mineralogy began with the structure of garnet, which was determined in 1924 by Menzer.

Rb-Sr can then be used on the altered mineralogy to date the time of this alteration, but not the date at which the rock formed.

A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions at which thermodynamically distinct phases can occur at equilibrium.

The groundmass mineralogy, which more closely resembles a true composition of the igneous rock, contains forsteritic olivine, pyrope garnet, Cr-diopside, magnesian ilmenite and spinel.

In modern mineralogy the term natron has come to mean only the sodium carbonate decahydrate ( hydrated soda ash ) which makes up most of the historical salt.

During these, however, he collected by degrees, in conjunction with his brother Guillaume Antoine Deluc, a splendid museum of mineralogy and of natural history in general, which was afterwards increased by his nephew Jean-André Deluc, Jr. ( 1763 – 1847 ), who was also a writer on geology.

Abraham Gottlob Werner was the inspector of mines and professor of mining and mineralogy at the Mining Academy in Freiberg ( Saxony ) which became dominant in late eighteenth-century geology.

In 1836, he published a study on the mineralogy of Nova Scotia, which included a detailed geological map providing information on the key deposits of iron ore and coal in Nova Scotia.

Migmatised igneous or lower-crustal rocks which melt do so to form a similar granitic I-type granite melt, but with distinct geochemical signatures and typically plagioclase dominant mineralogy forming monzonite, tonalite and granodiorite compositions.

Coomaraswamy's field work between 1902 and 1906 earned him a doctor of science for his study of Ceylonese mineralogy, and prompted the formation of the Geological Survey of Ceylon which he initially directed.

In 1846 he became joint editor, and during the later years of his life was chief editor, of the American Journal of Science and Arts, to which he was a constant contributor, principally of articles on geology and mineralogy.

In rocks in which mineral grains are large enough to be identified using a hand lens, the visible mineralogy is included as part of the description.

Basalts, kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres, which have their source in the upper mantle, often contain fragments and crystals assumed to be a part of the originating mantle mineralogy.

His earlier work related chiefly to crystallography and mineralogy, on which subjects he published text-books that were widely used.

He was interested in natural history, mineralogy, palaeontology, medicine, and botany, and produced a book on these subjects entitled the Metallotheca, which was not published until 1717.

In mineralogy, a pseudomorph is a mineral or mineral compound that appears in an atypical form ( crystal system ), resulting from a substitution process in which the appearance and dimensions remain constant, but the original mineral is replaced by another.

William Diller Matthew FRS ( February 19, 1871 – September 24, 1930 ) was a vertebrate paleontologist who worked primarily on mammal fossils, although he also published a few early papers on mineralogy, petrological geology, one on botany, one on trilobites, and he described Tetraceratops insignis, which was much later suggested to be the oldest known ( Early Permian ) therapsid.

He subsequently assisted in the management of the École des Mines, of which he was professor of mineralogy and afterwards director.

In 1804 he was appointed professor of geology and mineralogy in the École des Mines, which had been temporarily transferred to Pezay in Savoy, and he returned with the school to Paris in 1815.

He also created classification schemes for igneous rocks which accounted their mineralogy, texture, and composition, and showed that igneous rocks of different mineralogies could be formed from the same chemical composition, with different conditions of crystallization.

Besides lecturing on mineralogy and discharging his clerical duties, Dr Clarke eagerly prosecuted the study of chemistry, and made several discoveries, principally by means of the gas blow-pipe, which he had brought to a high degree of perfection.