Although several versions of many-worlds have been proposed since Hugh Everett's original work, they all contain one key idea: the equations of physics that model the time evolution of systems without embedded observers are sufficient for modelling systems which do contain observers ; in particular there is no observation-triggered wave function collapse which the Copenhagen interpretation proposes.

Edelman called it " reentry " and proposes a model of reentrant signaling whereby a disjunctive, multimodal sampling of the same stimulus event correlated in time leads to self-organizing intelligence.

This model, known as the " raptor prey restraint " ( RPR ) model of predation, proposes that dromaeosaurs killed their prey in a manner very similar to extant accipitrid birds of prey: by leaping onto their quarry, pinning it under their body weight, and gripping it tightly with the large, sickle-shaped claws.

The pilot wave model, originally developed by Louis de Broglie and further developed by David Bohm into the hidden variable theory proposes that there is no duality, but rather a system exhibits both particle properties and wave properties simultaneously, and particles are guided, in a deterministic fashion, by the pilot wave ( or its " quantum potential ") which will direct them to areas of constructive interference in preference to areas of destructive interference.

Referred to as the " sociocognitive model " ( SCM ), it proposes that DID is due to a person consciously or unconsciously behaving in certain ways promoted by cultural stereotypes, with unwitting therapists providing cues through improper therapeutic techniques.

The recent and not widely accepted soliton model in neuroscience proposes to explain the signal conduction within neurons as pressure solitons.

* 3rd century BC-Aristarchus of Samos proposes heliocentric model, measures the distance to the moon and its size

He argues that the ancestors of apes as well as humans may have had their evolutionary history influenced by exposure to flooded forest environments, and that based on the hominin fossil record, regular part-time underwater foraging began in the Pleistocene rather than the early Pliocene as Morgan ’ s model proposes.

* Plato proposes a geocentric model of the universe with the stars rotating on a fixed celestial sphere.

Daniel Kahneman proposes bounded rationality as a model to overcome some of the limitations of the rational-agent models in economic literature.

The Third Manifesto proposes to maintain the relational model for databases and to support objects as user-defined types.

Finally, the most recent model ( Horne, 1998 ) proposes a double link among the caseins for gelling to take place.

Another model proposes that a tiny-eared wild maize was domesticated, and after being spread from east-central Mexico, this cultigen hybridized with Z. luxurians or Z. diploperennis resulting in a great explosion of maize genetic diversity, ear and kernel forms, and capacity to adapt to new habitats, as well as increased yields.

The model proposes that individuals vary in their ability to process information of an emotional nature and in their ability to relate emotional processing to a wider cognition.

Stewart Clegg proposes another three dimensional model with his " circuits of power " theory.

The model has been adapted by Wilkinson ( 2001 ) who proposes a model of the information seeking of lawyers.

* ACM SIGCOMM ' 09 paper-Modeling and Understanding End-to-End Class of Service Policies in Operational Networks: proposes a practical model for extracting DiffServ policies

Leakey ( 2011 ) offers an overview of current and past research in CALL and proposes a comprehensive model for evaluating the effectiveness of CALL platforms, programs and pedagogy.

In contrast to the search-and-capture mechanism in which MTOCs largely dictate the organization of the mitotic spindle, this model proposes that microtubules are nucleated acentrosomally near chromosomes and spontaneously assemble into anti-parallel bundles and adopt a spindle-like structure.

Joshua Fishman proposes a domain-specific code-switching model ( later refined by Blom and Gumperz ) wherein bilingual speakers choose which code to speak depending on where they are and what they are discussing.

The conflicts demonstrated in the previous two paragraphs are reflected in Ikujiro Nonaka's model of organizational knowledge creation, in which he proposes that tacit knowledge can be converted to explicit knowledge.

Epstein and colleagues describe six conflicting interpretations of what the model might be, and proposes that "... habits of mind may be the missing link between a biopsychosocial intent and clinical reality.

In 1926, Erwin Schrödinger used this idea to develop a mathematical model of the atom that described the electrons as three-dimensional waveforms rather than point particles.

This idea has been considered in detail back in time to extreme densities and temperatures, and large particle accelerators have been built to experiment in such conditions, resulting in further development of the model.

Critics, such as psychiatrist Niall McLaren, argue that the DSM lacks validity because it has no relation to an agreed scientific model of mental disorder and therefore the decisions taken about its categories ( or even the question of categories versus dimensions ) were not scientific ones ; and that it lacks reliability partly because different diagnoses share many criteria, and what appear to be different criteria are often just rewordings of the same idea, meaning that the decision to allocate one diagnosis or another to a patient is to some extent a matter of personal prejudice.

Watson and Crick talked endlessly about DNA and the idea that it might be possible to guess a good molecular model of its structure.

In The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology ( 1952 ), Hayek independently developed a " Hebbian learning " model of learning and memoryan idea which he first conceived in 1920, prior to his study of economics.

The idea of freedom ( for the theatre against the dominance of its French model ; for religion from the church's dogma ) is his central theme throughout his life.

The Georgi – Glashow model was preceded by the Semisimple Lie algebra Pati – Salam model by Abdus Salam and Jogesh Pati, who pioneered the idea to unify gauge interactions.

However, the model of iron in Hb-O < sub > 2 </ sub > being Fe ( III ) is more correct than the classical idea that it remains Fe ( II ).

New dates from India suggest that iron was being worked there as early as 1800 BC, and African sites are turning up dates as early as 1200 BC, confounding the idea that there was a simple discovery and diffusion model.

* Mental model, a person's cognitive representation of an idea or thought process

* The interpretation of tough-mindedness as a manifestation of " authoritarian " versus tender-minded " democratic " values was incompatible with the Frankfurt school's single-axis model, which conceptualized authoritarianism as being a fundamental manifestation of conservatism, and many researchers took issue with the idea of " left-wing authoritarianism.

Some view this development as a rising new idea in the industry of reruns as an increasingly major revenue source in themselves instead of the standard business model as a draw for audiences for advertising.

The “ gang suppression model ” is believed by some to be the basis for increased policing, the theory being based on the idea that Latinos are violent and out of control and are therefore “ in need of suppression ”.

Richard H. Jones has recently proposed a " control " model that incorporates elements of both the conflict thesis and also the idea that religion can support science.

For example, one such idea is to have small, community-owned enterprises working under a market-based model of economy.

In May 2003 the Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi inaugurated the MOSE project ( Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico ), an experimental model for evaluating the performance of hollow floatable gates ; the idea is to fix a series of 78 hollow pontoons to the sea bed across the three entrances to the lagoon.

This is the central idea behind Big Design Up Front and the waterfall model: time spent early on making sure requirements and design are correct saves much time and effort later.

Advocates of Agile software development argue the waterfall model is a bad idea in practice — believing it impossible for any non-trivial project to finish a phase of a software product's lifecycle perfectly before moving to the next phases and learning from them.

The idea behind the waterfall model may be " measure twice ; cut once ," and those opposed to the waterfall model argue that this idea tends to fall apart when the problem constantly changes due to requirement modifications and new realizations about the problem itself.