Most countries in this second category share the difficulty of having many of the structures of a modern political and social system without the modern standards of performance required to make them effective.

The old Morse system was replaced locally by the Simplex modern automatic method in 1929, when Ellamae Heckman ( Wilcox ) was manager of the Western Union office.

The abacus was in use centuries before the adoption of the written modern numeral system and is still widely used by merchants, traders and clerks in Asia, Africa, and elsewhere.

Where the Roman model ( like most modern Japanese ) has 4 plus 1 bead per decimal place, the standard suanpan has 5 plus 2, allowing use with a hexadecimal numeral system.

His system included modifying the way we consider the world, e. g., with an attitude of " I don't know ; let's see ," to better discover or reflect its realities as revealed by modern science.

Asparagales is the name of an order of plants, used in modern classification systems such as the APG III system ( which is used throughout this article ).

Van Vogt was always interested in the idea of all-encompassing systems of knowledge ( akin to modern meta-systems ) -- the characters in his very first story used a system called ' Nexialism ' to analyze the alien's behaviour, and he became interested in the General Semantics of Alfred Korzybski.

Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy.

The Bridgewater Foundry, pictured in 1839-one of the earliest factories to use an almost modern layout, work flow and material handling system.

Some wanted the modern liberal constitutional system, some wanted the continuance of the Ancien Régime, some wanted independence.

In order to overcome this weakness, modern aircraft use a terrain awareness warning system ( TAWS ).

The initial concept was known as AppleBus, envisioning a system controlled by the host Macintosh polling " dumb " devices in a fashion similar to the modern Universal Serial Bus.

* 1942 – Actress Hedy Lamarr and composer George Antheil receive a patent for a Frequency-hopping spread spectrum communication system that later became the basis for modern technologies in wireless telephones and Wi-Fi.

At a schematic level, that basic worm-shape continues to be reflected in the body and nervous system architecture of all modern bilaterians, including vertebrates.

In 1714, when he was appointed rector of the university, he succeeded Govert Bidloo in the chair of practical medicine, and in this capacity he introduced the modern system of clinical instruction.

On that Mississippi riverine system today, including that of other sheltered waterways, industrial barge trafficking in bulk raw materials such as coal, coke, timber, iron ore and other minerals is extremely common in the developed world using huge cargo barges that connect in groups and trains-of-barges in ways which allow cargo volumes and weights which would astonish pioneers of modern barge systems and methods in the Victorian era.

The five-kingdom system has largely been superseded by modern alternative classification systems.

Intentionally going down in modern boxing will cause the recovering fighter to lose points in the scoring system.

In a speech delivered at the nearby Masonic temple, Bush compared the RODS system to a modern " DEW " line ( referring to the Cold War ballistic missile early warning system ).

The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age system, as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, for classifying and studying ancient societies.

Under his command, a modern update of the doctrinal system called Bewegungskrieg (" maneuver warfare ") and its associated leadership system called Auftragstaktik (" mission tactics "; i. e., units are assigned missions ; local commanders decide how to achieve those missions ) was developed, which was a critical advantage and a major reason for the success of blitzkrieg.

BeOS was built for digital media work and was written to take advantage of modern hardware facilities such as symmetric multiprocessing by utilizing modular I / O bandwidth, pervasive multithreading, preemptive multitasking and a 64-bit journaling file system known as BFS.

It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations.

The International Astronomical Union subsequently adopted it as one of the 88 modern constellations.

Chinese astronomers were able to view what is modern Antlia from their latitudes, and incorporated its stars into two different constellations.

Of the 88 modern constellations, there are at least 30 in which " Alpha " is not the brightest star, and four of those lack an alpha star altogether.

The modern constellations in this region were defined during the Age of exploration, notably by Dutch navigators Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman at the end of sixteenth century.

Some modern proposals for new constellations were not successful ; an example is Quadrans, eponymous of the Quadrantid meteors, now divided between Boötes and Draco.

Where possible, these modern constellations usually share the names of their Graeco-Roman predecessors, such as Orion, Leo or Scorpius.

Out of the 88 modern constellations, 36 lie predominantly in the northern sky, and the other 52 predominantly in the southern.

Capricornus is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy.

Crux () is the smallest of the 88 modern constellations, but is one of the most distinctive.

* Cepheus ( constellation ), one of the 88 modern constellations

One of the largest constellations, Centaurus was included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations.

Cygnus was among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations.

Canes Venatici () is one of the 88 official modern constellations.

It was named in the late 16th century and is now one of the 88 modern constellations.

Delphinus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains among the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union.

It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations.

The men who speculate on these institutions have, for the most part, come to at least one common conclusion: that many of the great enterprises and associations around which our democracy is formed are in themselves autocratic in nature, and possessed of power which can be used to frustrate the citizen who is trying to assert his individuality in the modern world ''.

In addition to his experiments in reading poetry to jazz, Patchen is beginning to use the figure of the modern jazz musician as a myth hero in the same way he used the figure of the private detective a decade ago.

Accordingly the modern study of marine and freshwater algae is called either phycology or algology, depending on whether the Greek or Latin root is used.

Cyrillic is one of the most widely used modern alphabetic scripts, and is notable for its use in Slavic languages and also for other languages within the former Soviet Union.

The term android was used in a more modern sense by the French author Auguste Villiers de l ' Isle-Adam in his work Tomorrow's Eve ( 1886 ).

An off-shoot of this research resulted in Nobel's invention of ballistite, the precursor of many modern smokeless powder explosives and still used as a rocket propellant.

Archaeological cultural units such as Ancestral Pueblo, Hohokam, Patayan or Mogollon are used by archaeologists to define material culture similarities and differences that may identify prehistoric socio-cultural units, equivalent to modern societies or peoples.

Prior to modern times, there was no distinction between architects, engineers and often artists, and the title used varied depending on geographical location.

Because they often exhibit a combination of high strength and low weight, these alloys became widely used in many forms of industry, including the construction of modern aircraft.

Despite the frequency with which this name is used as a polemical label, there has been no historically continuous survival of Arianism into the modern era.

Ambergris is the waxy aromatic substance created in the intestines of sperm whales and was used in making perfumes both in ancient times as well as modern.

In modern usage, the term is sometimes used improperly as a catch-all classification of " other world religions " alongside major organized religions.

It is therefore not unlikely that some Gnostics used amulets, though the confident assertions of modern writers to this effect rest on no authority.

Their logo of the anchor and dolphin is represented today in the symbols and names used by some modern publishers such as Doubleday.

Ancient Egyptians burned ambergris as incense, while in modern Egypt ambergris is used for scenting cigarettes.

The glyphs most commonly used in conjunction with the Latin script since early modern times are < big > 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 </ big >.

A distinctive West Arabic variant of the symbols begins to emerge around the 10th century in the Maghreb and Al-Andalus, called ghubar (" sand-table " or " dust-table ") numerals, which are the direct ancestor of the modern Western Arabic numerals used throughout the world.

Ambushes have been used consistently throughout history, from ancient to modern warfare.

Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat, while in modern times, its main use is that of a recreational activity.

A combination of cutting-edge modern technology and extensive research and reinvention of ancient techniques were used.

Complex systems of predicting fate and destiny based on one's birthday, birth season, and birth hours, such as ziping and Zi Wei Dou Shu () are still used regularly in modern day Chinese astrology.