The armillary sphere, a three-dimensional representation of the movements in the celestial sphere, was invented in Han China by the 1st century BCE.

In the Early Middle Ages, through barbarian movements, the waning of the Byzantine Empire influence in the western Mediterranean and the Saracen raids, the island fell out of the sphere of influence of any higher government.

In order to understand the actions of the superior oblique muscle, it is useful to imagine the eyeball as a sphere that is constrained – like the trackball of a computer mouse – in such a way that only certain rotational movements are possible.

An alternative approach was developed where the actor is given an unlimited walking area through the use of a rotating sphere, similar to a hamster ball, which contains internal sensors recording the angular movements, removing the need for external cameras and other equipment.

He also constructed a " zodiack ", now considered to be the first planetarium, a hollow sphere that could hold thirty people showing the movements of the planets and constellations which remained in the grounds of Pembroke until 1871.

According to Melucci, one of the leading new social movement theorists, these movements arise not from relations of production and distribution of resources but within the sphere of reproduction and the life world, as a result of which, the concern has shifted from the sole production of economic resources directly connected to the needs for survival or for reproduction to cultural production of social relations, symbols and identities.

Further, new social movements are located in civil society or the cultural sphere as a major arena for collective action rather than instrumental action in the state, which Claus Offe characterises as ‘ bypass the state ’.

With this, the slow computational movement rotated the armillary sphere according to the recorded movements of the planets and stars.

Such sectarian identity might be Buddhist, Christian, or any of the religious movements that originated within the Chinese cultural sphere.

Since Jews were excluded as outsiders throughout Europe, they were mostly shut out of politics or any sort of participation in the wider political and social sphere of the nations in which they were involved until the Enlightenment, and its Jewish counterpart, Haskalah, made popular movements possible.

Avant-garde choreographers, seeking new forms of continuity for their new vocabulary of movements, have turned to similar approaches.

Due to the fragility of the Antarctic environment, only a limited amount of transport movements can take place and sustainable transportation technologies have to be used to reduce the ecological footprint.

Caimans tend to be more agile and crocodile-like in their movements, and have longer, sharper teeth than alligators.

Some groups identifying as Ásatrú have been associated with neo-Nazi and " white power " movements.

In Brazil, a number of modern religious movements based on the use of ayahuasca have emerged, the most famous of them being Santo Daime and the União do Vegetal ( or UDV ), usually in an animistic context that may be shamanistic or, more often ( as with Santo Daime and the UDV ), integrated with Christianity.

" In reaction, various social movements emerged to challenge their influence ; these movements have been called " anti-globalization " or " globalization from below.

Basic meter movements can have full-scale deflection for currents from about 25 microamperes to 10 milliamperes.

A number of harmful and undesired ( adverse ) effects have been observed, including lowered life expectancy, extrapyramidal effects on motor control – including akathisia ( an inability to sit still ), trembling, and muscle weakness – weight gain, decrease in brain volume ( although this is being debated, since schizophrenia, which is often treated with antipsychotics, also causes a shrinkage of brain volume ), enlarged breasts ( gynecomastia ) in men and milk discharge in men and women ( galactorrhea due to hyperprolactinaemia ), lowered white blood cell count ( agranulocytosis ), involuntary repetitive body movements ( tardive dyskinesia ), diabetes, sexual dysfunction, a return of psychosis requiring increasing the dosage due to cells producing more neurochemicals to compensate for the drugs ( tardive psychosis ), and a potential for permanent chemical dependence leading to psychosis worse than before treatment began, if the drug dosage is ever lowered or stopped ( tardive dysphrenia ).

* One of the more serious of these side effects is tardive dyskinesia, in which the sufferer may show repetitive, involuntary, purposeless movements ( that are permanent and have no cure ) often of the lips, face, legs, or torso.

It was essential, if popular dance was to flourish, for dancers to have some basic movements they could confidently perform with any partner they might meet.

In the light of the blockage concerning the entry into force of the Ban amendment, Switzerland and Indonesia have launched a “ Country-led Initiative ” ( CLI ) to discuss in an informal manner a way forward to ensure that the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes, especially to developing countries and countries with economies in transition, do not lead to an unsound management of hazardous wastes.

" What a disgrace for Marlborough ," exulted Villeroi, " to have made false movements without any result!

Historically, different nations or regions of the world have gone through their own independent sequence of movements in culture, but as world communications have accelerated this geographical distinction has become less distinct.

So it can be more useful to think in terms of broad " movements " that have rough beginnings and endings.

They have, however, been paralleled by cultural movements in the Orient and elsewhere.

For both these languages, however, revitalization movements have led to the adoption of these languages by adults and children and produced some native speakers.

Conservative Jews believe that movements to its left, such as Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism, have erred by rejecting the traditional authority of Jewish law and tradition.

They believe that the Orthodox Jewish movements, on the theological right, have erred by slowing down, or stopping, the historical development of Jewish law: " Conservative Judaism believes that scholarly study of Jewish texts indicates that Judaism has constantly been evolving to meet the needs of the Jewish people in varying circumstances, and that a central halakhic authority can continue the halakhic evolution today.

Today, movements that use the name " conservative " have a wide variety of views.

In other countries where liberal conservative movements have entered the political mainstream, such as Italy and Spain, the terms liberal and conservative may be synonymous.

Radicalism often generates youth movements, while conservatism is a condition found among the mature, who have discovered what it is in life they most value.

Large-scale population movements from rural to urban areas of Latin America and to other regions of the world have increased the geographic distribution of Chagas disease, and cases have been noted in many countries, particularly in Europe.

The Frenchman had been ordered to approach the enemy's lines, harass them and get intelligence of their movements.

Astrology has been criticized for failing to provide a physical mechanism that links the movements of celestial bodies to their purported effects on human behaviour.

In Charismatic and Pentecostal communities, anointing of the sick is a frequent practice and has been an important ritual in these communities since the respective movements were founded in the 19th and 20th centuries.

The vast array of material on spiritual movements, anarchism, libertarian socialism and the Green Movement that is now available on the Internet has been perhaps more influential than any printed book.

However it has often been argued that in the dominated countries ( most of the world ) the WSF is little more than an ' NGO fair ' driven by Northern NGOs and donors most of which are hostile to popular movements of the poor.

Ultimately, the Saville Inquiry was inconclusive on Martin McGuinness's role due to a lack of certainty over his movements, concluding that while he was " engaged in paramilitary activity " during Bloody Sunday, and had probably been armed with a Thompson submachine gun, there was insufficient evidence to make any finding other than they were " sure that he did not engage in any activity that provided any of the soldiers with any justification for opening fire ".

The volta ao mundo takes place after an exchange of movements has reached a conclusion, or after there has been a disruption in the harmony of the game.

The congregationalist theory of independence within a union has been a cornerstone of most ecumenical movements since the 18th century.

" Over its history, CUNY colleges, particularly CCNY, have been involved in various political movements.

Instead Thomas is viewed as part of the modernism and romanticism movements, though attempts to pigeon-hole him within a particular neo-romantic school have been unsuccessful.

Romans has been at the forefront of several major movements in Protestantism.

It is also used as a pro-democracy emblem in countries such as Belarus, where it has been used on protest marches alongside the banned former national flag and flags of opposition movements.

From the late 20th century onwards, such conservative Protestant Christians, and their churches and social movements, have often been called evangelical to distinguish them from other Protestants.

Following the defeat of the Axis powers in World War II, the term fascist has been used as a pejorative word, often referring to widely varying movements across the political spectrum.

It has been suggested that the term flamenco may have originally been a Spanish colloquialism for the dance's resemblance to the movements of the flamingo.

The practice of glossolalia by the Latter-day Saints seems to have been much more restrained than in many other contemporary movements.

Due in part to the progressive attitudes of many of its residents, the Village has traditionally been a focal point of new movements and ideas, whether political, artistic, or cultural.