Additionally, public capital has an indirect influence on multifactor productivity as it affects the other two inputs of labor and private capital.

Agricultural economists have made many well-known contributions to the economics field with such models as the cobweb model, hedonic regression pricing models, new technology and diffusion models ( Zvi Griliches ), multifactor productivity and efficiency theory and measurement, and the random coefficients regression.

* A ( t ) represents multifactor productivity ( often generalized as " technology ").

A represents multifactor productivity ( often generalized as technology ), K is capital, L is labor and α is production elasticity.

The data mining method that is used to perform this task is known as multifactor dimensionality reduction.

Road safety recognizes that crashes, and their consequences, are multifactor events, Ogden ( 1996 ) indicates: “ An approach based in notions of cause and blame is simplistic in the extreme ”.

Generalizing the above definition to the multifactor setting, Jensen's alpha is a measure of the marginal return associated with an additional strategy that is not explained by existing factors.

In 2001 the U. S. Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council issued guidance for multifactor authentication ( MFA ) and then required to be in place by the end of 2006.

A field scale climate change experiment conducting multifactor experiments with elevated CO < sub > 2 </ sub >, night time warming and altered precipitation.

SAML does not specify the implementation of the identity provider service ; it may use a username / password, it may use multifactor authentication, it may have an opaque implementation.

Some tokens provide up to three factors of authentication, or allow you to combine different factors to create multifactor authentication.

The U. S. Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council issued supplemental guidance on this subject in August 2006, in which they clarified, " By definition true multifactor authentication requires the use of solutions from two or more of the three categories of factors.

Using multiple solutions from the same category ... would not constitute multifactor authentication.

Following the U. S. Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council's publication advising the use of multi-factor authentication, numerous vendors began offering authentication solutions that are not compliant with the FFIEC's definition of " true multifactor authentication ".

" By definition true multifactor authentication requires the use of solutions from two or more of the three categories of factors.

Using multiple solutions from the same category ... would not constitute multifactor authentication.

Faced with regulatory two-factor authentication guidelines in 2005, numerous U. S. financial institutions instead deployed additional knowledge-based authentication methods, such as shared secrets or challenge questions, only to discover later that such methods do not satisfy the regulatory definition of " true multifactor authentication ".

The FFIEC issued supplemental guidance on this subject in August 2006, in which they clarified, " By definition true multifactor authentication requires the use of solutions from two or more of the three categories of factors.

Using multiple solutions from the same category ... would not constitute multifactor authentication.

* Category II: historical cities of local importance, the legacy of which requires development of special reconstruction projects and multifactor conservation programmes.

Over time, developers have created new version control systems based on CVS in order to add features, alter the operational model, and improve developers ' productivity.

Emperors Wen and Yang undertook various reforms including the Equal-field system, which was initiated to reduce the rich-poor social gap that resulted in enhanced agricultural productivity, as well as government centralisation and reforms, creating a new model of governance after centuries of division.

* The economic model defines disability in terms of reduced ability to work, the related loss of productivity and economic effects on the individual, employer and society in general.

Deviations of real-wage trends from those of labor productivity might be explained by reference to other variables in the model.

In this model, recovery and prosperity are associated with increases in productivity, consumer confidence, aggregate demand, and prices.

use a neoclassical growth model to show that women's education has a positive statistically significant effect on labor productivity, more robust than that of men's education.

Until the early 1980s the performance benefits of the low-level navigational interfaces offered by hierarchical and network databases were persuasive for many large-scale applications, but as hardware became faster, the extra productivity and flexibility of the relational model led to the gradual obsolescence of the network model in corporate enterprise usage.

The model acknowledges that health is both a consumption good that yields direct satisfaction and utility, and an investment good, which yields satisfaction to consumers indirectly through increased productivity, fewer sick days, and higher wages.

In 1936, Theodore Paul Wright described the effect of learning on labor productivity in the aircraft industry and proposed a mathematical model of the learning curve.

Receiving the expected test results at each stage reinforces the programmer's mental model of the code, boosts confidence and increases productivity.

A major advantage of the arithmetical model is its capability to depict productivity as a part of production process.

Here we use a production income model, a productivity model and a growth accounting model in order to demonstrate productivity as a phenomenon and a measureable quantity.

The next step is to describe a productivity model by help of which it is possible to calculate the results of the real process, income distribution process and production process.

This model demonstration reveals the fundamental character of the phenomenon total productivity.

Another productivity model ( Saari 2011, 14 ) also gives details of the income distribution.

We can use the real process data of the productivity model ( above ) in order to show the logic of the growth accounting model and identify possible differences in relation to the productivity model.

Since the hazards of poor communication are so great, p can be justified as a habitable site only on the basis of unusual productivity such as is made available by a waterfall for milling purposes, a mine, or a sugar maple camp.

In any event, the critical productivity of that time is abundant proof that if he was taking laudanum, it was never in command of him to the extent that it had been during his vagrant years.

For our present purposes we assume that the sole subject of bargaining is the basic wage rate ( not including productivity improvement factors or cost-of-living adjustments ), and it is this basic wage rate which determines the level of costs.

Productivity is something of an amorphous concept and the amount of productivity increase in a given time period is not even well known to the industry, much less to the union or to the public.

Since American life is committed above all to productivity and a higher standard of economic life, the countervailing forces of residential and religious exclusiveness have fought a desperate, rearguard action against the expanding interdependence of the metropolis.

Abiotic stress is the most harmful factor concerning the growth and productivity of crops worldwide.

He is known to have been married to Cornelia Bosman in 1658, a date coinciding so directly with the end of his productivity as a painter that it has been accepted that his marriage played some sort of role in the end of his artistic career.

Hypomanic episodes do not go to the full extremes of mania ( i. e., do not usually cause severe social or occupational impairment, and are without psychosis ), and this can make bipolar II more difficult to diagnose, since the hypomanic episodes may simply appear as a period of successful high productivity and is reported less frequently than a distressing, crippling depression.

The biodiversity characteristic of each extinction, especially the diversity of fauna and subdominant plant forms, is a function of abiotic factors and the biomass productivity of the dominant vegetation.

Glaeser furthers his argument by stating that bigger cities do not pay more for equal productivity than in a smaller city, so it is reasonable to assume that workers become more productive if they move to a city twice the size as they initially worked in.

There is no evidence of mass extinction of these organisms, and there is support for high productivity of these species in southern high latitudes as a result of cooling temperatures in the early Paleocene.

The productivity of a catalyst can be described by the turn over number ( or TON ) and the catalytic activity by the turn over frequency ( TOF ), which is the TON per time unit.

The World State in Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and Airstrip One in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty Four are both fictional examples of command economies, albeit with diametrically opposed aims: The former is a consumer economy designed to engender productivity while the latter is a shortage economy designed as an agent of totalitarian social control.

This situation is exacerbated by land degradation because of the reduction in productivity, the precariousness of living conditions and the difficulty of access to resources and opportunities.

Dilbert portrays corporate culture as a Kafkaesque world of bureaucracy for its own sake and office politics that stand in the way of productivity, where employees ' skills and efforts are not rewarded, and busy work is praised.

The modernization is expected to deliver significant productivity gains and cost savings to NASA.

Granted that some have been lost, Ephrem's productivity is not in doubt.

This is reflected in total factor productivity and the Solow residual used in economic models called production functions that account for the contributions of capital and labor, yet have some unexplained contributor which is commonly called technological progress.

With pest problems reduced, and nutrients constantly fed to the roots, productivity in hydroponics is high, although plant growth can be limited by the low levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, or limited light exposure.

These include the fact that most trade is between countries with similar factor endowment and productivity levels, and the large amount of multinational production ( i. e. foreign direct investment ) that exists.