Tramlink runs on a mixture of street track shared with other traffic, dedicated track in public roads, and off-street track consisting of new rights-of-way, former railway lines, and one section of alignment, though not track, shared with a third rail electrified Network Rail line.

Bypass routes are referred to with an appended " a " ( alternative ) or " n " ( new alignment ), as in " B 56n ".

A revised bill with a new alignment was submitted and passed in a subsequent session.

Meiosis generates genetic diversity in two ways: ( 1 ) independent alignment and subsequent separation of homologous chromosome pairs during the first meiotic division allows a random and independent selection of each chromosome segregates into each gamete ; and ( 2 ) physical exchange of homologous chromosomal regions by homologous recombination during prophase I results in new combinations of DNA within chromosomes.

In 1997, just thirteen years after the National Stadium had opened, it was considered too small and did not have the facilities required of the time and it was demolished and a new stadium, the Millennium Stadium, was built in its place ( completed to a north-south alignment and opened in June 1999 ).

Taken in totality though, this grand conjunction included the Sun, the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, with the Earth also in alignment with the Sun and the Moon at the exact moment of the new moon and a solar eclipse ( eight celestial bodies in total ).

In eastern Pennsylvania, Route 378 into downtown Bethlehem was once Interstate 378, but was redesignated as a state route after I-78 was rerouted to a new southerly alignment.

The alignment of Route 18 through Middlesex County from Middlesex to Highland Park was first designated in the 1926 designing of a new highway system as State Highway Route S-29, a prefixed spur of New Jersey Route 29 ( U. S. Route 22 ) through Middlesex County, following Washington Avenue in Middlesex and the River Road in Piscataway until terminating at State Highway Route 27 near the Albany Street Bridge in Highland Park.

The freeway was readopted by the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission for the new Route 38 freeway from the Ben Franklin Bridge eastward ( paralleling Route 70 and U. S. Route 30 ) to the area of Jackson Township, where it would follow current Interstate 195's alignment.

By the 1940s, U. S. Route 9 was also designated along the present-day portion of Route 34 that was then a part of Route 4, this would later become Route 4A after U. S. Route 9 and Route 4 were moved to a new alignment between Freehold and Cheesequake.

On 29 January 1990 the section between Blackfriars and Farringdon was temporarily closed to permit the construction of a new alignment.

From February to Mid September 2008 I-40 was moved to a new alignment south of Greensboro, which also carries the new I-85 bypass and will eventually carry Interstate 73 as well, while the old I-40 through Greensboro became a second I-40 freeway Business Loop.

He also continued to support the French Gen. Pierre Augereau's reactionary coup d ' état of 18 September 1801 in the Batavian Republic, and its new constitution, ratified by a sham election, that brought it into closer alignment with its dominant partner.

This route replaced pre-1927 Route 14 between Cape May and Seaville, what was planned as pre-1927 Route 19 between Seaville and Absecon, pre-1927 Route 4 between Absecon and Lakewood and South Amboy and Rahway, and a spur of pre-1927 Route 7 between Lakewood and Freehold, with the rest of the route to be built on a new alignment.

The rest of the proposed route was to be built on a new alignment.

When New Jersey renumbered its state highways in 1953, Route 3 was moved to a new freeway alignment that was Route S3.

The route was designated in 1916 as part of pre-1927 Route 10, which was to run from Paterson east to the terminal of the Fort Lee Ferry in Edgewater, using the Paterson and Hackensack Turnpike between Paterson and Hackensack, the Bergen Turnpike from Hackensack to Ridgefield, and a new alignment between Ridgefield and Edgewater.

In 1927, the route was renumbered to Route 5, with initial plans to build a new alignment for the route between Ridgefield and Little Ferry.

However, the plans were modified in 1929 to build Route 6 on a new alignment and have Route 5 end at Route 1 ( now U. S. Route 1 / 9 ) in Ridgefield.

In Ridgefield, Broad Avenue was used to get between the new alignment and Bergen Turnpike.

Plans at the time were to build a new alignment from east of Ridgefield to Little Ferry southeast of Hackensack and form Route S5 ( now Route 93 ) along the old road from Little Ferry to Ridgefield.

The new Route 6 would share the alignment of Route 5 from Paterson to west of Hackensack, where it would turn southeast onto a new alignment to Little Ferry, then run with Route 5 again to east of Ridgefield and split onto its own alignment to the George Washington Bridge.

The proposal, entitled Esquisse d ' un Programme (" Program Sketch ") describes new ideas for studying the moduli space of complex curves.

The idea of self-similar curves was taken further by Paul Pierre Lévy, who, in his 1938 paper Plane or Space Curves and Surfaces Consisting of Parts Similar to the Whole described a new fractal curve, the Lévy C curve.

They expanded the range of geometry to many new kinds of figures, curves, surfaces, and solids ; they changed its methodology from trial-and-error to logical deduction ; they recognized that geometry studies " eternal forms ", or abstractions, of which physical objects are only approximations ; and they developed the idea of the " axiomatic method ", still in use today.

These developments were accompanied by the introduction of new tools, such as indifference curves and the theory of ordinal utility.

These new PowerBooks took design cues from the 500 series PowerBook, sporting dramatic curves and a jet-black plastic case.

Among the coauthors of this 1990 paper were Kip Thorne, Mike Morris, and Ulvi Yurtsever, who in 1988 had stirred up renewed interest in the subject of time travel in general relativity with their paper Wormholes, Time Machines, and the Weak Energy Condition, which showed that a new general relativity solution known as a traversable wormhole could lead to closed timelike curves, and unlike previous CTC-containing solutions it did not require unrealistic conditions for the universe as a whole.

The part of the new calibration curves that relies on tree-ring evidence ( IntCal04 ) dates back to 12, 410 calendar ( cal ) yr B. P.

The fundamental assertion is that there is a maximum amount that " a consumer will give up, of one commodity, to get one unit of another good, in that amount which will leave the consumer indifferent between the new and old situations " The negative slope of the indifference curves represents the willingness of the consumer to make a trade off.

A marginal tax on the sellers of a good will shift the supply curve to the left until the vertical distance between the two supply curves is equal to the per unit tax ; when other things remain equal, this will increase the price paid by the consumers ( which is equal to the new market price ), and decrease the price received by the sellers.

Marginal subsidies on production will shift the supply curve to the right until the vertical distance between the two supply curves is equal to the per unit subsidy ; when other things remain equal, this will decrease price paid by the consumers ( which is equal to the new market price ) and increase the price received by the producers.

* Support for a variety of geometric primitives, including polygon meshes, fast subdivision surface modeling, Bezier curves, NURBS surfaces, metaballs, digital sculpting, outline font, and a new n-gon modeling system called B-mesh.

This not only allowed new curves to be defined and studied, but it enabled a formal distinction to be made between curves that can be defined using algebraic equations, algebraic curves, and those that cannot, transcendental curves.

Solutions to variational problems, such as the brachistochrone and tautochrone questions, introduced properties of curves in new ways ( in this case, the cycloid ).

In addition to using four historic and well-known stitches ( Split Stitch, Stem Stitch, Chain Stitch, and Peking Knot ), Wynn-Wilson invented a new corded stitch, known as Quaker Stitch, to allow for tight curves on the lettering.

With the post-World War II " Baby Boom " population growth, new streets were built south of Churchman Avenue in the modern style of sweeping curves and " cul-de-sacs.

France, building its TGV, avoided the problem by building a new rail network for high-speed trains which minimized curves, likewise Japan's bullet train and other high speed lines have necessitated new infrastructure.

By the 1930s, a new connection was completed at Eidenau which eliminated the sharp curves and grades to Ribold.

This was an ill-fated project known as the Derry-Donohoe-Jeannette ( DDJ ) bypass, in which the Pennsylvania Railroad attempted to build a new main line that would avoid the curves and slopes of the existing main line, bypassing Latrobe and Greensburg.

Warnock desired a Renaissance image to evoke his vision of Postscript as a new Renaissance in publishing, and Adobe employee Luanne Seymour Cohen, who was responsible for the early marketing material, found Venus ' flowing tresses a perfect vehicle for demonstrating Illustrator's strength in tracing smooth curves over bitmap source images.

In 1819 he moved to the Athenaeum in Brussels and in the same year he completed his dissertation ( De quibusdam locis geometricis, necnon de curva focal – Of some new properties of the focal distance and some other curves ).