Some anthropologists, such as Lloyd Fallers and Clifford Geertz, focused on processes of modernization by which newly independent states could develop.

After the American Revolution, the parishes in the newly independent country found it necessary to break formally from a church whose Supreme Governor was ( and remains ) the British monarch.

" This title hails back to England's separation from the See of Rome, when King Henry, as supreme head of the newly independent church, took over all of the monasteries, mainly for their possessions, except for St. Benet, which he spared because the abbot and his monks possessed no wealth, and lived like simple beggars, disposing the incumbent Bishop of Norwich and seating the abbot in his place, thus the dual title still held to this day.

After the end of the war the islands briefly returned to British control, before becoming part of the newly independent state of India.

As colonies gained independence from Britain, in most cases the newly independent countries adopted English common law precedent as of the date of independence as the default law to carry forward into the new nation, to the extent not explicitly rejected by the newly freed colony's founding documents or government.

For example, following the American Revolution in 1776, one of the first legislative acts undertaken by each of the newly independent states was to adopt a " reception statute " that gave legal effect to the existing body of English common law to the extent that American legislation or the Constitution had not explicitly rejected English law.

One could note a certain irony: one of the first acts of many of the newly independent states was to adopt the law of the foreign sovereign from whom independence had just been gained.

But this is one more demonstration of the point mentioned above ( Commercial economies ), that the newly independent states recognized the importance of a predictable and established body of law to govern the conduct of citizens and businesses, and therefore adopted the richest available source of law.

Although the newly independent provinces formed a Federation, border disputes broke out among them, adding to the region's turbulent history and conditions.

Relations between the Republic of Vanuatu and Cuba began shortly after the former gained its independence from France and the United Kingdom in 1980, and began establishing its own foreign policy as a newly independent state.

Many newly independent states thus found themselves impoverished, with minimal administrative capacity in a fragmented society, while faced with the expectation of immediately meeting the demands of a modern state.

In 1969, the county was abolished and Carson City and a few small surrounding settlements within the former county were merged into a newly formed independent city called Carson City Consolidated Municipality.

Following the independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia in 1993, the newly independent Eritrean government appealed to Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria for Eritrean Orthodox autocephaly.

" With Eisenhower's leadership and Dulles ' direction, CIA activities increased, to resist the spread of communism in poorer countries ; the CIA in part deposed the leaders of Iran in Operation Ajax, of Guatemala through Operation Pbsuccess, and possibly the newly independent Republic of the Congo ( Léopoldville ).

After the Act of Abjuration was proclaimed in 1581 Delft became the de facto capital of the newly independent Netherlands, as the seat of the Prince of Orange.

After the Estonian War of Independence in 1919, the Estonian language became the state language of the newly independent country.

The Continental Army under Washington engaged the enemy for the first time as an army of the newly independent United States at the Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the entire war.

After 1918, the newly independent Polish state returned to the Napoleonic tradition and the 1932 criminal code did not specify homosexuality as a crime.

Following the end of World War I, the Greater Poland Uprising ( 1918 – 1919 ) ensured that most of the region became part of the newly independent Polish state, forming most of Poznań Voivodeship ( 1921 – 1939 ).

Despite the Haitian victory, France refused to recognize the newly independent country's sovereignty until 1825, in exchange for 150 million gold francs.

The military began to become a professional institution independent of politics, with the newly created military academy graduating its first class in 1960.

The Great Powers selected Prince William of Wied, a nephew of Queen Elisabeth of Romania to become the sovereign of the newly independent Albania.

* 1972 – Sheikh Mujibur Rahman returns to the newly independent Bangladesh as president after spending over nine months in prison in Pakistan.

* 1919 – Ignacy Jan Paderewski becomes Prime Minister of the newly independent Poland.

The last obstacle in Mrs. Geraghty's globe-girdling trip was smoothed out when a representative of Syria called upon her to explain that his brother would meet her at the border of that country -- so newly separated from Egypt and the United Arab Republic that she hadn't been able to obtain a visa.

In the end England and the Dutch Republic took control of the newly won territory for the duration of the war ; after which it was to be handed over to the direct rule of ‘ Charles III ’, subject to the reservation of a Dutch Barrier, the extent and nature of which had yet to be settled.

Liechtenstein claims restitution for ( which is ten times the size of Liechtenstein ) of land in the Czech Republic confiscated from its princely family in 1918 by the then newly established state of Czechoslovakia, the predecessor of the Czech Republic ; the Czech Republic insists that the power to claim restitution does not go back before February 1948, when the Communists seized power ; Liechtenstein did not diplomatically recognize the Czech Republic until 2009, and the Czech Republic in turn did not diplomatically recognize Liechtenstein.

After assembling his forces in Jiangxi, Chiang led his armies against the newly established Chinese Soviet Republic.

These November Criminals, or those who seemed to benefit from the newly formed Weimar Republic, were seen to have " stabbed them in the back " on the home front, by either criticizing German nationalism, instigating unrest and strikes in the critical military industries or profiteering.

On November 11, 1918, the representatives of the newly formed Weimar Republic signed an armistice with the Allies which would end World War I.

In addition, the Occupation Statute of 1949, which granted partial independence to the newly created Federal Republic of Germany, specifically forbade the imposition of import quotas to protect German film production from foreign competition, the result of lobbying by the American industry as represented by the MPAA.

The newly created Republic of Kraków was a tiny state under a joint supervision of the three partitioning powers.

This new puppet state existed until November 1918, when it was replaced by the newly established Republic of Poland.

The newly found Republican control of the Republic allowed the vote of the 1881 and 1882 Jules Ferry laws on a free, mandatory and laic public education.

That endeavor left the newly independent Republic of Kazakhstan a mixed legacy: a population that includes nearly as many Russians as Kazakhs ; the presence of a dominating class of Russian technocrats, who are necessary to economic progress but ethnically unassimilated ; and a well-developed energy industry, based mainly on coal and oil, whose efficiency is inhibited by major infrastructural deficiencies.

The U. S. Army began to field the XM16E1 en masse in 1965 with most of them going to the Republic of Vietnam, and the newly organized and experimental Airmobile Divisions, the 1st Air Cavalry Division in particular.

In 1825 the newly established Federal Republic of Central America considered the canal.

The newly created Social Democratic parties were generally larger and more powerful than the remaining communist parties ; only in Russia, Moldova, and the Czech Republic did the Communist Party remain a significant force.

The Soviet Union supported revolutionary movements across the world, including the newly formed People's Republic of China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and, later on, the Republic of Cuba.

Formed as a separate nation after gaining independence from Mexico in 1836, the republic claimed borders that included all of the present US state of Texas as well as parts of present-day Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico based upon the Treaties of Velasco between the newly created Texas Republic and Mexico.

Liechtenstein claims restitution for 1, 600 km² ( which is ten times the size of Liechtenstein ) of land in Slovakia confiscated from its ' princely family in 1918 by the then newly established state of Czechoslovakia, the predecessor of the Slovak Republic.