The northern blot is a technique used in molecular biology research to study gene expression by detection of RNA ( or isolated mRNA ) in a sample.

The term ' northern blot ' actually refers specifically to the capillary transfer of RNA from the electrophoresis gel to the blotting membrane.

The major difference is that RNA, rather than DNA, is analyzed in the northern blot.

To create controls for comparison in a northern blot, samples not displaying the gene product of interest can be used after determination by microarrays or RT-PCR.

Commonly cDNA is created with labelled primers for the RNA sequence of interest to act as the probe in the northern blot.

If an upregulated gene is observed by an abundance of mRNA on the northern blot the sample can then be sequenced to determine if the gene is known to researchers or if it is a novel finding.

A variant of the procedure known as the reverse northern blot is occasionally used.

Other blotting methods ( i. e., western blot, northern blot, eastern blot, southwestern blot ) that employ similar principles, but using RNA or protein, have later been named in reference to Edwin Southern's name.

Detection of RNA is termed northern blot.

Trolling is also a freshwater angling technique often used to catch salmon, northern pike, and muskellunge.

Another technique was a double planking method used in the northern breakwater.

Johnson claimed to have started " slapping " the strings of his bass ( a more vigorous technique than the classical pizzicato ) after he accidentally broke his bow on the road with his band in northern Louisiana in the early 1910s.

In northern England and Scotland, many anglers also favored wet-fly fishing, where the technique was more popular and widely practiced than in southern England.

During the 19th century, Jogo do Pau was brought to Lisboa by a northern master, resulting in an amalgamation with the technique of the Gameirosabre, growing into a sportive competition, removed from actual combat.

Alternatively, bale buildings can have a structural frame of other materials, usually lumber or timber-frame, with bales simply serving as insulation and plaster substrate, (" infill " or " non-loadbearing " technique ), which is most often required in northern regions and / or in wet climates.

A technique employed by northern soul DJs in common with their later counterparts was the sequencing of records to create euphoric highs and lows for the crowd.

The outfit was trained to do this against the Chinese ( reference required ) but actually used the technique to great success in Pakistan-administered Kashmir and the fields of the northern state of Punjab.

The technique had a brief period of popularity in the northern United States during the Great Depression, due mostly to its inexpensive materials and ease of construction, leading to it being called " Depression Housing " in parts of Wisconsin, Vermont and upstate New York.

The technique of pattern welding of composite metals provided some of these northern weapons superior properties in strength and resilience to the iron gladius of early Rome.

F. M. Alexander the creator of the Alexander technique was born on the northern bank of the Inglis River at a settlement called Alexandria, situated about three km upstream from the river mouth.

Organists working at the same time included Claudio Merulo and Girolamo Diruta ; they began to define an instrumental style and technique which moved to northern Europe in the succeeding generations, culminating in the works of Sweelinck, Buxtehude, and eventually J. S.

In 1991, Knipling and Bushland's technique halted a serious outbreak in northern Africa.

The lost-wax technique did not appear in northern China until the 6th century BC.

He also used the technique of monody, as pioneered in northern Italy, for some of his solo madrigals.

Kirpal Singh describes Sant Mat as a synonym for Surat Shabd Yoga, the yoga of the Sound Current, or more simply Shabd yoga, a meditation technique he asserts was taught and practiced originally in northern India.

Then during the late phase of the orientalizing style incised drawings began to appear, the new technique coming from northern Ionia.

The technique developed in northern Europe and was successfully used by the Vikings and typical for the Hanseatic cog.

Outside Naples, he is known mainly for having been the teacher of the Sicilian Antonello da Messina, as Summonte records, probably some time between 1445 and 1455, who spread elements of his style, and northern oil painting technique, to other parts of Italy.

The discoveries make the SuperWASP team the first and only one to detect planets in both the northern and southern hemispheres using the transit detection technique.

Other techniques for sanxian include the use of harmonics and hitting the skin of the instrument with the plectra or fingernail ( comparable to the technique used to play the northern Japanese tsugaru-jamisen ).

The construction of the northern half of the central hall was simplified by using the new technique of soil freezing, but this could not be used on the southern half.

Although the technique is mainly associated with the tiger, dragon, snake, crane and leopard, many other animal styles have been developed, including panther, praying mantis ( northern and southern styles ), horse, cobra, bull, wolf, deer, bear, boar, eagle, python, scorpion, elephant, lion, frog, duck, dog, crow, tiger cub, chicken, hawk, turtle, swallow, lizard and a host of others.

The wedding of the Hellenic to the northern genius was one of the dominant motifs in Goethe's thought.

There was the smell of the coast, like a primeval memory, composed of equal parts salt water, clams, seaweed and northern air.

Richard S. Allen is the authority for the statement that the northern section was probably roofed by 1810.

All around the Mediterranean Sea, Asia Minor, northern India, and Tibet, Hebrew was the native tongue.

In southern Europe, between the Israeli Republics and the Icelandic-speaking peoples of northern Europe, was a thin but long stretch of territory called March.

By the 1850s, slavery was still legal in the southern United States, but had been generally outlawed in the northern states, such as Illinois.

Lincoln was supported by Congress and the northern public for these actions.

* In 1998, Benoît Lecomte was the first man to swim across the northern Atlantic Ocean without a kick board, stopping for only one week in the Azores.

Johnston was to provide the defense of the Texas border against Mexican invasion, and in 1839 conducted a campaign against Indians in northern Texas.

He was appointed brigadier general of volunteers on February 3, 1862, and was assigned to duty in northern Virginia while the Army of the Potomac conducted the Peninsula Campaign.

Ambrose was the Governor of Aemilia-Liguria in northern Italy until 374 when he became the Bishop of Milan.

In 790 he was named abbot of Centulum, also called Sancti Richarii monasterium ( Saint-Riquier ) in northern France, where his brilliant rule gained for him later the renown of a saint.

‘ … The development of Japan's large northern island had several objectives: First, it was seen as a means to defend Japan from a rapidly developing and expansionist Russia.

The empire's breadbasket was the rain-fed agricultural system of northern Mesopotamia ( Assyria ) and a chain of fortresses was built to control the imperial wheat production.

The population of Akkad, like nearly all pre-modern states, was entirely dependent upon the agricultural systems of the region, which seem to have had two principal centres: the irrigated farmlands of southern Iraq that traditionally had a yield of 30 grains returned for each grain sown and the rain-fed agriculture of northern Iraq, known as " the Upper Country ".

There were a few reasons for this, one of which was political, as the kings of England preferred to appoint bishops from the south to the northern bishoprics, hoping to counter the northern tendency towards separatism.

He was the only northern leader to support William, however.

Anacharsis (; ) was a Scythian philosopher who travelled from his homeland on the northern shores of the Black Sea to Athens in the early 6th century BC and made a great impression as a forthright, outspoken " barbarian ", apparently a forerunner of the Cynics, though none of his works have survived.

Assyria or Athura ( Aramaic for Assyria ) was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the late 25th or early – 24th century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia ( present day northern Iraq ), that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history.

The Johnnycake was a poor substitute to some for wheaten bread, but acceptance by both the northern and southern colonies seems evident.

Pork fat was used more often in the southern colonies than the northern colonies as the Spanish introduced pigs earlier to the South.