The castle ruin Hammershus, on the northwestern tip of the island, is the largest medieval fortress in northern Europe, testament to the importance of its location.

He regarded Knaresborough as an important northern fortress and spent £ 1, 290 on improvements to the castle.

By 1124, there were two great factions dominating local politics in Rome: the Frangipani family, which controlled the region around the fortified Colosseum and supported the northern cardinals, and the Pierleoni family, which controlled the Tiber Island and the fortress of the Theatre of Marcellus and supported the Italian cardinals.

* 1168: King Valdemar I of Denmark conquers Arkona on the Island of Rügen, the strongest pagan fortress and temple in northern Europe.

* The Romans establish a fortress at York ( Eboracum ), as a base for their northern forces.

Before the Roman conquest of northern Gaul, Reims, founded circa 80 BC as * Durocorteron (" round fortress "; in Latin: Durocortōrum ), served as the capital of the tribe of the Remi — whose name the town would subsequently echo.

After the brief period of French rule, Mantua returned to Austria in 1814, becoming one of the Quadrilatero fortress cities in northern Italy.

The northern frontier of the Pale was marked by the De Verdon fortress of Castle Roche, while the southern border roughly corresponds to the present day M50 motorway in Dublin, which crosses the site of what was Carrickmines Castle.

The Ommerschans was a fortress built in 1628 as part of a defence line to defend the northern provinces of Groningen and Friesland from the marauding count Hendrik van den Bergh ( in Spanish service ) after the expiration of the Twelve Years ' Truce.

The refortified fortress should have made an excellent base for raiding northern Mercia, but the Mercians are recorded as having taken the drastic measure of destroying all crops and livestock in the surrounding countryside in order to starve the Danes out.

Aerial view of the Citadelle Laferrière, in northern Haiti, a conservation project of the World Monuments Fund ( 1985-87 ). Also at the request of UNESCO, IFM launched a project for the preservation of the Citadelle Laferrière, a large mountaintop fortress near Milot, Haiti.

The Libava fortress was subsequently built around the city, and in the early 20th century a major military base was established on the northern edge, including formidable coastal fortifications and extensive quarters for military personnel.

Under Roman rule, Chalcis retained a measure of commercial prosperity ; since the 6th century it again served as a fortress for the protection of central Greece against northern invaders.

Recent work by Iranian archeologists at the northern gate of the fortress revealed two interconnected cellars, likely used as private spaces or for food storage.

In 838, and again in 905, formidable insurrections occurred in northern Kurdistan ; the amir, Aqpd-addaula, was obliged to lead the forces of the caliphate against the southern Kurds, capturing the famous fortress of Sermaj, whose ruins are to be seen at the present day near Behistun, and reducing the province of Shahrizor with its capital city now marked by the great mound of Yassin Teppeh.

Serres became the site of a major fortress built by the Byzantine Empire to guard the empire's northern frontier and the strategic Rupel Pass into Bulgaria.

Raymond also married Eschiva of Bures, Princess of Galilee and the widow of Walter of Saint-Omer of Tiberias, which allowed him to gain control over much of the northern part of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, especially the fortress at Tiberias on the Sea of Galilee.

It was co-located with a fortress named for Dimitry of Rostov, a metropolitan bishop of the old northern town of Rostov the Great.

Lucullus led them back south to the warmer climes of northern Mesopotamia and had no trouble from his troops there despite setting them the difficult task of capturing the great Armenian fortress of Nisibis, which was quickly stormed and made the Roman base for the winter of 68-7 B. C.

On 6 October, the brigade advanced to Dunkirk, northern France, and relieved the 154 ( Highland ) Infantry Brigade on the eastern side of the besieged German-held " fortress " of Dunkirk.

The fortress located on a limestone plateau served to control the northern border of the bishopric and the trade routes from Halberstadt to Braunschweig and Hildesheim.

They are first found together in 1203, as co-commanders of the garrison at the major fortress of Vaudreuil in Normandy ; they were responsible for surrendering the castle without a fight to Philip II of France, fatally weakening the English position in northern France, but although popular opinion seems to have blamed them for the capitulation, a royal writ is extant stating that the castle was surrendered at King John's command, and both Saer and Fitzwalter had to endure personal humiliation and heavy ransoms at the hands of the French.

Because of its strategic position on the northern branch of the Silk Route, the fortress was contested by the Khazars in the course of the Khazar-Arab Wars.

Baekje fought off many Goguryeo ( the northern Korean kingdom ) invasions from this fortress, and the 5th king Chogo based his northward campaign on it.

Left: the escarpment descending to the Eger Graben ; right: the gentle northern dip slope.

File: Hungary Eger minaret. jpg | Minaret in Eger, Hungary, the most northern left from Ottoman rule.

Mátra is a mountain range in northern Hungary, between the towns Gyöngyös and Eger.

It comes from the Eger wine region of northern Hungary ; the Szekszárd region produces a similar wine with similar name ( Szekszárdi Bikavér ) but with different character.

The wedding of the Hellenic to the northern genius was one of the dominant motifs in Goethe's thought.

There was the smell of the coast, like a primeval memory, composed of equal parts salt water, clams, seaweed and northern air.

Richard S. Allen is the authority for the statement that the northern section was probably roofed by 1810.

All around the Mediterranean Sea, Asia Minor, northern India, and Tibet, Hebrew was the native tongue.

In southern Europe, between the Israeli Republics and the Icelandic-speaking peoples of northern Europe, was a thin but long stretch of territory called March.

By the 1850s, slavery was still legal in the southern United States, but had been generally outlawed in the northern states, such as Illinois.

Lincoln was supported by Congress and the northern public for these actions.

* In 1998, Benoît Lecomte was the first man to swim across the northern Atlantic Ocean without a kick board, stopping for only one week in the Azores.

Johnston was to provide the defense of the Texas border against Mexican invasion, and in 1839 conducted a campaign against Indians in northern Texas.

He was appointed brigadier general of volunteers on February 3, 1862, and was assigned to duty in northern Virginia while the Army of the Potomac conducted the Peninsula Campaign.

Ambrose was the Governor of Aemilia-Liguria in northern Italy until 374 when he became the Bishop of Milan.

In 790 he was named abbot of Centulum, also called Sancti Richarii monasterium ( Saint-Riquier ) in northern France, where his brilliant rule gained for him later the renown of a saint.

‘ … The development of Japan's large northern island had several objectives: First, it was seen as a means to defend Japan from a rapidly developing and expansionist Russia.

The empire's breadbasket was the rain-fed agricultural system of northern Mesopotamia ( Assyria ) and a chain of fortresses was built to control the imperial wheat production.

The population of Akkad, like nearly all pre-modern states, was entirely dependent upon the agricultural systems of the region, which seem to have had two principal centres: the irrigated farmlands of southern Iraq that traditionally had a yield of 30 grains returned for each grain sown and the rain-fed agriculture of northern Iraq, known as " the Upper Country ".

There were a few reasons for this, one of which was political, as the kings of England preferred to appoint bishops from the south to the northern bishoprics, hoping to counter the northern tendency towards separatism.

He was the only northern leader to support William, however.

Anacharsis (; ) was a Scythian philosopher who travelled from his homeland on the northern shores of the Black Sea to Athens in the early 6th century BC and made a great impression as a forthright, outspoken " barbarian ", apparently a forerunner of the Cynics, though none of his works have survived.

Assyria or Athura ( Aramaic for Assyria ) was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the late 25th or early – 24th century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia ( present day northern Iraq ), that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history.

The Johnnycake was a poor substitute to some for wheaten bread, but acceptance by both the northern and southern colonies seems evident.

Pork fat was used more often in the southern colonies than the northern colonies as the Spanish introduced pigs earlier to the South.