He reformed the Roman system of taxation, developed networks of roads with an official courier system, established a standing army, established the Praetorian Guard, created official police and fire-fighting services for Rome, and rebuilt much of the City during his reign.

In 2001, the National Guard unit was designated an official military unit of the Bulgarian army and one of the symbols of state authority, along with the flag, the coat of arms and the national anthem.

From independence through the period of the presidency of Félix Malloum ( 1975 – 79 ), the official national army was known as the Chadian Armed Forces ( Forces Armées Tchadiennes — FAT ).

Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan were the first to introduce modern Cannons and Muskets, their army was also the first in India to have official uniforms.

He supplied weapons to the Uyghur Ili army and Red Army support against Chinese forces, and helped them establish the Second East Turkestan Republic of which Islam was the official state religion.

Palestinian terror claimed 106 lives in northern Israel from 1967, according to official IDF statistics, while the Lebanese army had recorded " 1. 4 Israeli violations of Lebanese territory per day from 1968 – 74 " Where Lebanon had no conflict with Israel during the period 1949 – 1968, after 1968 Lebanon's southern border began to experience an escalating cycle of attack and retaliation, leading to the chaos of the civil war, foreign invasions and international intervention.

In Resolution 425, the UN had set a goal of assisting the Lebanese government in a " return of its effective authority in the area ", which would require an official Lebanese army presence there.

* An official reserve army, composed of citizen soldiers.

Article 58. 1 of the April 18, 1999, Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation ( official, French version ) provides that " Switzerland has an army.

Riots continued for two days until being quelled by the army ; 67 people were killed according to official figures.

In a BBC documentary, called the Death of Yugoslavia, and later in his testimony before the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia during the trial of Slobodan Milošević, Yugoslav official Borisav Jović revealed that the Bosnian Serb army arose from the Yugoslav army forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

His father, Gerontius, was a Roman army official from Cappadocia and his mother, Polychronia, was from Palestine.

However, several legions from the Roman province of Macedonia of Crassus ' army may already have been stationed in there around 29-28 BC, before the official imperial command was instituted.

In 1916, pro-Venizelist Greek army officers and civilians, with the support of the Allies, launched the Movement of National Defence, creating a pro-Allied temporary government by the name of the " State of Thessaloniki " that controlled " new lands " ( lands that were gained by Greece in the Balkan Wars, most of Northern Greece including Greek Macedonia, the North Aegean as well as the island of Crete ); the official government of the King in Athens, the " State of Athens ", controlled the " old lands " which were traditionally monarchist.

Its functions had been fully absorbed into official government machinery in the British Raj and its private army had been nationalised by the British Crown.

There was no official support for the Biafran army by another nation throughout the war, although arms were clandestinely acquired.

Though Amer allowed some liberalization of the economy in order to appease Syrian businessmen, his decision to rig the elections of the National Union ( the single party which replaced the Ba ' ath ), with the help of Colonel Abdul Hamid Sarraj ( a Syrian army official and Nasser sympathizer ), sent Ba ' ath leaders into a frenzy.

Those rights include making Albanian language an official language, increasing the participation of ethnic Albanians in government institutions, police and army.

The official cults of Sol Invictus and Sol Invictus Mithras were popular amongst the soldiers of the Roman army.

They were also part of official ranks, such as the Serbian Militia, a branch of the Austrian army under Leopold I.

The position of the Knights Hospitaller and Knights Templar is more complicated ; though they refused to join the emperor's army directly, they supported the crusade once Frederick agreed to have his name removed from official orders.

Taylor writes that an official 1942 guide to the city described it as " one of the foremost industrial locations of the Reich " and in 1944, the German Army High Command's Weapons Office listed 127 medium-to-large factories and workshops that were supplying the army with materiel.

The White House itself has taken steps to remove a former Batista official, Col. Mariano Faget, from his preposterous position as interrogator of Cuban refugees for the Immigration Service.

This was not a faction but an official organism within the party and expressed the official position of the party on ethical and religious matters.

Nehemiah is a cup-bearer to king Artaxerxes II of Persia-an important official position.

Perhaps the tragedy of his life was that he was never awarded the high official position which he desired, from which he wished to demonstrate the general well-being that would ensue if humane persons ruled and administered the state.

According to Bruce L. Olsen, director of public affairs for the church, " The logo re-emphasizes the official name of the church and the central position of the Savior in its theology.

Cornell's alma mater or official school song makes reference to its position " Far Above Cayuga's Waters ", while that of Ithaca College references " Cayuga ’ s shore ".

In response to concerns about the meaning of CCM, bishops in the ELCA drafted Tucson Resolution, which presented the official ELCA position.

In May 1955 McCarthy threatened to issue subpoenas to White House personnel ; Eisenhower was furious, and issued an order as follows: " It is essential to efficient and effective administration that employees of the Executive Branch be in a position to be completely candid in advising with each other on official matters ... it is not in the public interest that any of their conversations or communications, or any documents or reproductions, concerning such advice be disclosed.

The current official position of the party is that the " Republic of China ( Taiwan )" is an independent and sovereign country whose territory consists of Taiwan and its surrounding smaller islands and whose sovereignty derives only from the ROC citizens living in Taiwan ( similar philosophy of self-determination ), based on the " Resolution on Taiwan's Future " in 1999.

The official federal government of the United States | U. S. government position on extraterrestrial life, and the three major efforts in the search for it: 1.

The President of Congress was a mostly ceremonial position with no real authority, but the office did require him to handle a good deal of correspondence and sign official documents.

The position of the First Lady is not an elected one, carries no official duties, and receives no salary.

Titorelli turns out to be an official painter of portraits for the court – an inherited position, and has a deep understanding of the process.

Many Muslim countries ( such as Egypt and Tunisia ) have an official mufti position ; a distinguished expert in the sharia is appointed to this position by the civil authorities of the country.

Thanks to Lawrence's connection to the powerful Fairfax family, at age 17 in 1749, Washington was appointed official surveyor for Culpeper County, a well-paid position which enabled him to purchase land in the Shenandoah Valley, the first of his many land acquisitions in western Virginia.

On May 2, 1783, the Commander in Chief submitted his Sentiments on a Peace Establishment to the Committee, essentially providing an official Continental Army position.

According to Lobo, the organisation was expected to adopt a co-ordinated position on the issue, but El Salvador, the nation presiding over the summit, refused to include the matter on the official agenda, insisting that discussion should retain a regional focus.

A head of state is an official who holds the highest position in a governance system of the state and has the vested powers to act as the chief public representative of a country.

Haganah and Palmah first collaborated with the British against them, particularly during the Hunting Season, before actively joining them in the Jewish Resistance Movement, then finally choosing an official neutral position after 1946 while the Irgun and the Lehi went on their attacks against the British.

Although the official position of the British government on " The Roman Question " was neutrality and nonintervention, Severn often took diplomatic action that his superiors viewed as exceeding his mandate as Consul.

Under the Articles of Confederation, the United States had no executive branch ; the President of Congress was a mostly ceremonial position within the Confederation Congress, but the office did require Hanson to handle a good deal of correspondence and sign official documents.

Joan's parents owned about 50 acres ( 20 hectares ) of land and her father supplemented his farming work with a minor position as a village official, collecting taxes and heading the local watch.