Ataxia may depend on hereditary disorders consisting of degeneration of the cerebellum and / or of the spine ; most cases feature both to some extent, and therefore present with overlapping cerebellar and sensory ataxia, even though one is often more evident than the other.

The cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that all cells come from preexisting cells, that vital functions of an organism occur within cells, and that all cells contain the hereditary information necessary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to the next generation of cells.

Lord Aberdare was one of the ninety-two elected hereditary peers that were allowed to remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999. the title is held by his son, the fifth Baron, who succeeded in 2005 and was elected to the House of Lords in 2009.

The current Lord Luke is one of the 92 hereditary peers elected to remain in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom after its 1999 reform.

The third earl ( a member of the Conservative Party ) retained his seat in the Lords as one of the hereditary peers to remain under an amendment to Labour's 1999 House of Lords Act.

Other Tuareg castes were also hereditary and social strata closed with one exception: if a slave woman married a noble or vassal, her children could belong to the respective free caste.

Alberic, or Aubrey de Vere, sided with William the Conqueror, and after 1066 was rewarded with many estates, as well as being made hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain of England, one of the six Great Officers of State.

During the Heian period of Japanese history, the Hokke managed to establish a hereditary claim to the position of regent, either for an underage emperor ( sesshō ) or for an adult one ( kampaku ).

They feared the King would use Orders to gain support for absolutist goals and to make formal distinctions among the peerage which could lead to its legal breakup into two separate classes, and that the King would later play one against the other and eventually limit the legal privileges of hereditary nobility.

This system, however, tempted military officers to pass their positions to their sons, thus transforming the office from one based on achievement and loyalty to the mai into one based on hereditary nobility.

The colony was ruled by the British Resident Commissioner, who worked through the pitso ( national assembly ) of hereditary native chiefs under one paramount chief.

For most of the history of the Upper House, Lords Temporal were land owners who held their estates, titles and seats as an hereditary right passed down from one generation to the next in some cases for centuries.

Most people with congenital insensitivity to pain have one of five hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies ( which includes familial dysautonomia and congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis ).

Assuming a hereditary basis, one question from evolutionary psychology is why genes that increase the likelihood of psychosis evolved, assuming the condition would have been maladaptive from an evolutionary point of view.

A ( literally, " a commander of a force ") was one of the ( usually ) hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867.

Future hereditary Guardians were permitted in the Bahá ' í scripture by appointment from one to the next, but a prerequisite that appointees be male descendants of Bahá ' u ' lláh left no suitable living candidates, and Shoghi Effendi died without making an appointment.

When Montenegro re-established secular dynastic succession by the proclamation of princedom in 1851, it did so in favor of the last Prince-bishop, who changed his style from Vladika i upravitelj Crne Gore i Brde " Vladika ( Bishop ) and Ruler of Montenegro and Brda " to Po Bozjoj milosti knjaz i gospodar Crne Gore i Brde " By the grace of God Prince and Sovereign of Montenegro and Brda ", thus rendering his de facto dynasty ( the Petrović-Njegoš family since 1696 ) a hereditary one.

The state was ruled by two hereditary kings of the Agiad and Eurypontid families, both supposedly descendants of Heracles and equal in authority, so that one could not act against the veto of his colleague.

He argued that, as he had opposed the Life Peerages Act 1958, it would be hypocritical for him to take one, but even if he was willing to accept a hereditary peerage ( which would have been extinct upon his death as he had no male heir ), Thatcher was unwilling to court the controversy that might have arisen as a result.

The hereditary titles of Margaret's sisters, one of whom was the queen of England, were ignored.

In the Golden Bull of 1356, the Palatinate was recognized as one of the secular electorates, and given the hereditary offices of archsteward (, ) of the Empire and imperial vicar ( Reichsverweser ) of Franconia, Swabia, the Rhine, and southern Germany.

His forced conversions or evictions carried out in the midst of the Thirty Years ' War, which with the later general success of the Protestants therefore had greatly negative consequences for Habsburg control of the Holy Roman Empire itself, while these campaigns within the Habsburg hereditary lands were largely successful in religiously purifying his demesnes, leaving the Austrian Emperors thereafter with much greater control within their hereditary power base — although Hungary was never successfully re-Catholicized — but one much reduced in population and economic might while less vigorous and weakened as a nation-state.

The office of Rebbe is generally a hereditary one, may also be passed from Rebbe to student, or recognized by a congregation conferring a sort of coronation to their new Rebbe.

Field Marshal Lord Gort had no living sons and, unlike his own ancestor, did not have a special remainder, so on his death just one month after the creation of the new title, the new viscountcy became extinct, whilst the Irish titles passed to his brother.

In 1919, as a consequence of siding with the enemies of Britain in World War I, the viscountcy was one of only three primary titles ( together with the royal dukedoms of Albany and Cumberland ) to be forfeit under the Titles Deprivation Act 1917.

Lord Egerton had one daughter but no sons and on his death in 1909 the viscountcy and earldom became extinct.

But the fighting marshal's fifty-year run of immunity from violent death came to a full and final stop one night in a street at Cromwell, Oklahoma, where he had been sent to clean up the gambling and vice rackets.

* 1656-In a letter to Councillor General Montagu ( afterwards Earl of Sandwich ), General-at-sea and one of the Protector's personal friends, Cromwell mentioned the necessity of securing a permanent base at the entry of the Mediterranean, preferably Gibraltar ( the first suggestion for the occupation of Gibraltar as a naval base had been made at an English Council of War held at sea on 20 October 1625 ).

After affirming that he had no intention of taking up arms Fox was able to speak with Cromwell for most of the morning about the Friends and advised him to listen to God's voice and obey it so that, as Fox left, Cromwell " with tears in his eyes said, ' Come again to my house ; for if thou and I were but an hour of a day together, we should be nearer one to the other '; adding that he wished no more ill than he did to his own soul.

Cromwell fell from favour and was arrested for treason in June 1540 ; one of the unlikely charges against him was that he had plotted to marry Mary himself.

Around the Civil War, one of Pembroke's fellows and Chaplain to the future Charles I, Matthew Wren, was imprisoned by Oliver Cromwell.

Cromwell was one of the strongest advocates of the English Reformation.

In 1526, Wolsey appointed Cromwell a member of his council ; by 1529, Cromwell was one of Wolsey's most senior and trusted advisers.

Early in September, Cromwell also completed a new set of viceregential injunctions declaring open war on " pilgrimages, feigned relics, or images, or any such superstitions ", and commanding that " one book of the whole Bible of the largest volume in English " be set up in every church.

The paper lying on the table in the portrait describes Cromwell as " Master of the Jewel House ", an official position he occupied for just one year from 12 April 1532, thus dating the portrait.

In New York's Frick Collection, two portraits by Holbein hang facing each other on the same wall of the Living Hall, one depicting Thomas Cromwell, the other Thomas More, whose execution he had procured.

That same year Oliver Cromwell came to Perth following his victory in the Battle of Dunbar and established a fortified citadel on the South Inch, one of five occupation forts built to control Scotland.

On 30 August Cromwell delayed the start of the battle to give time for two pontoon bridges to be constructed one over the Severn and the other over the Teme close to their confluence.

The delay allowed Cromwell to launch his attack on 3 September one year to the day since his victory at the Battle of Dunbar.

After the battle, Cromwell returned to Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, one of the parliamentarian strongholds and close to the seat of his late cousin the civil war hero John Hampden.

John Okey, one of the regicides who signed the death warrant of Charles I, was brought back from Holland along with Miles Corbet, friend and lawyer to Cromwell, and John Barkstead, former constable of the Tower of London.

Thomas Cromwell encourages him in an alliance with Protestant Germany, so he considers one of the Duke of Cleves ' sisters, Anne or Amelia.

A monk of Pershore, named Richard Beerely, was one of those who gave evidence to Thomas Cromwell about the misbehaviour of some of his brothers, writing that " Monckes drynk an bowll after collacyon tell ten or xii of the clock, and cum to mattens as dronck as myss, and sume at cardes, sume at dyss.

The town square contains one of the four statues of Cromwell on public display in Britain, the others being in Parliament Square, outside Wythenshawe Hall and in Warrington.

In 1648-49 the castle was laid under siege by Oliver Cromwell, who said it was "[...] one of the strongest inland garrisons in the kingdom.

Cromwell had previously confiscated Percy strongholds such as Wressle and Bunwell after Henry ' Hotspur ' Percy's death in 1403 ; the thought of those properties one day being handed over to the Neville family angered Lord Egremont greatly.

The Parliamentarian general Oliver Cromwell came across the Irish Sea to crush the Irish royalists, temporarily uniting England, Scotland, and Ireland under one government, and styling himself " Lord Protector " of the three kingdoms.

The strength of feeling was recorded in a letter from Lord Conyers and Sir John Bulmer to Thomas Cromwell: " On Sunday, 11th July, at Gysburn in Yorkshire, when the parish priest was declaring the articles dissolution directed by the King to the Archbishop of York, one John Atkeynson alias Brotton came violently and took book forth of the priest's hands, and pulled it in pieces.