Interstitial cystitis, or bladder pain syndrome ( commonly abbreviated to " IC / BPS "), is a chronic, often severely debilitating disease of the urinary bladder.

The most common symptoms of IC / PBS are pain, which is found in 100 % of patients, frequency ( 82 % of patients ) and nocturia ( 62 %).

Far more patients may experience a very mild form of IC / PBS, in which they have no visible wounds in their bladder, yet struggle with symptoms of pain, frequency, and / or urgency.

Surgical intervention is very unpredictable for IC / BPS, and is considered a treatment of last resort when all other treatment modalities have failed and pain is severe.

Surgical interventions for IC / BPS include transurethral fulguration and resection of ulcers, using electricity / laser ; bladder denervation, where some of the nerves to the bladder are cut ( Modified Ingelman-Sundberg Procedure ); bladder augmentation ; bladder removal ( cystectomy ); electrical nerve stimulation, similar to TENS, where an electrical unit is implanted in the body and provides continuous or intermittent electrical pulses to the affected areas ( Interstim ); spinal cord stimulation ( SCS ), where an electrical unit is implanted that provides electrical stimulation to the spinal cord, interfering with pain reception to the brain ( ANS / Advanced Neuromodulation Systems spinal Cord Stimulator ); and the implantation of the intrathecal pain pump, where very small amounts of medication, like morphine sulfate, dilaudid, or baclofen are released into the cerebrospinal fluid via a catheter stemming from the small electrical pump, requiring only about 1 / 100 to 1 / 300 the amount of medication needed orally for the same therapeutic benefit, but with significantly fewer side effects.

In 9 out 10 IC / BPS patients struggling with painful sexual relations, muscle tension is the primary cause of that pain and discomfort.

Neuromodulation can be successful in treating IC / BPS symptoms, including pain.

A 2002 review study reported that acupuncture alleviates pain associated with IC / BPS as part of multimodal treatment.

Biofeedback, a relaxation technique aimed at helping people control functions of the autonomous nervous system, has shown some benefit in controlling pain associated with IC / BPS as part of a multimodal approach that may also include medication or hydrodistention of the bladder.

Population-based studies ( e. g. Michael, et al., 2000 ) using the SF-36 have found significant decrease in QoL dimensions, including role / physical, bodily pain, vitality and social function, results that were supported by Rothrock's ( et al., 2002 ) cross-sectional study of IC patients showing decreased physical functioning, decreased ability to function in one's normal role, decreased vitality, and depression.

* 2011 The American Urological Association releases the first-ever American clinical guidelines for diagnosing and treating interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome ( IC / BPS )

In 2007, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ( NIDDK ) began using the umbrella term Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndromes ( UCPPS ) to refer to pain syndromes associated with the bladder ( i. e. interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome, IC / BPS ) and the prostate gland ( i. e. Chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome ).

In 2008, terms currently in use in addition to IC / BPS include painful bladder syndrome, bladder pain syndrome and hypersensitive bladder syndrome, alone and in a variety of combinations.

* Chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome-women have vestigial prostate glands that may cause IC / BPS-like symptoms.

They are also used in the treatment of a number of other medical disorders, including anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder ( GAD ), social phobia ( SP ) also known as social anxiety disorder ( SAD ), obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ), and panic disorder ( PD ), post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ), body dysmorphic disorder ( BDD ), eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, certain personality disorders such as borderline personality disorder ( BPD ), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ), as well as chronic pain, neuralgia or neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia, headache, or migraine, smoking cessation, tourette syndrome, trichotillomania, irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ), interstitial cystitis ( IC ), nocturnal enuresis ( NE ), narcolepsy, insomnia, pathological crying and / or laughing, chronic hiccups, ciguatera poisoning, and as an adjunct in schizophrenia.

For men with IC, pain occurs at the moment of ejaculation and is focused at the tip of the penis.

For women with IC, pain usually occurs the following day, the result of painful, spasming pelvic floor muscles.

* One unusual condition which affects the urothelium is interstitial cystitis ( IC ), a condition with symptoms similar to UTI ( frequency, urgency, pressure and / or pain ).

These drugs are used along with analgesics to modulate and / or modify the action of opioids when used against pain, especially of neuropathic origin.

For instance, a person who sustains bodily injury through the negligence of another may sue for medical costs, pain, suffering, loss of earnings or earning capacity, mental and / or emotional distress, loss of quality of life, disfigurement and more.

Use of the term CBT may refer to different interventions, including " self-instructions ( e. g. distraction, imagery, motivational self-talk ), relaxation and / or biofeedback, development of adaptive coping strategies ( e. g. minimizing negative or self-defeating thoughts ), changing maladaptive beliefs about pain, and goal setting ".

Coercion may involve the actual infliction of physical pain / injury or psychological harm in order to enhance the credibility of a threat.

Xavier's vast psionic powers enable him to manipulate the minds of others, warp perceptions to make himself seem invisible, project mental illusions, cause loss of particular memories or total amnesia, and induce pain or temporary mental and / or physical paralysis in others.

Of unknown cause, it is characterized by: pain associated with the bladder, pain associated with urination ( dysuria ), urinary frequency ( as often as every 10 minutes ), urgency, and / or pressure in the bladder and / or pelvis.

The Pelvic Pain Urgency / Frequency ( PUF ) Patient Survey, created by C. Lowell Parsons, is a short questionnaire that will help physicians identify if pelvic pain could be coming from the bladder.

When a person has thoughtlessly or deliberately caused us pain or hardship it is not always easy to say, `` Just forget it ''.

There are signs that it has struggled for days to escape and that in a frenzy of hunger, pain, and fear, it has all but eaten off its own leg.

One thing should be clear to both husband and wife -- neither pain nor profuse bleeding has to occur when the hymen is ruptured during the first sex act.

at least until repeated intercourse has dilated it and pain is no longer a possible threat against the full pleasure of love-making.

One veracious woman tells me she has used thin potato parings for both corns and calluses on her feet and they remove the pain or `` fire ''.

The Alexander technique has been shown to be helpful for people suffering from tension headaches, back pain, frozen shoulders, housemaid's knee, flat feet, tennis elbow, minor digestive problems, asthma, difficulties sleeping, clumsiness, irritability and lethargy.

While paracetamol is usually taken orally or rectally, an intravenous preparation introduced in 2002 has been shown to improve pain relief and reduce opioid consumption in the perioperative setting.

While the use of paracetamol, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen and other NSAIDS concurrently with weak to mid-range opiates ( up to about the hydrocodone level ) has been said to show beneficial synergistic effects by combatting pain at multiple sites of action, several combination analgesic products have been shown to have few efficacy benefits when compared to similar doses of their individual components.

High-alcohol liquor, two forms of which were in the US Pharmacopoeia up until 1916 and in common use by physicians well into the 1930s, has been used in the past as an agent for dulling pain, due to the CNS depressant effects of ethyl alcohol, a notable example being the American Civil War.

A recumbent bicycle has a reclined chair-like seat that some riders find more comfortable than a saddle, especially riders who suffer from certain types of seat, back, neck, shoulder, or wrist pain.

Understanding the physical basis of qualities, such as redness or pain, has been particularly challenging.

In adults, CBT has been shown to have a role in the treatment plans for anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, chronic low back pain, personality disorders, psychosis, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, in the adjustment, depression, and anxiety associated with fibromyalgia, and with post-spinal cord injuries.

In adults, CBT has been shown to have a role in the treatment plans for anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, chronic low back pain, personality disorders, psychosis, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, in the adjustment, depression, and anxiety associated with fibromyalgia, and with post-spinal cord injuries.

Clitoral reconstructive surgery was developed by French surgeon Pierre Foldès and has been clinically proven to allow women who have undergone female genital mutilation with clitoridectomy, to achieve clitoral orgasms and reduce pain.

Dead Sea Mud pack therapy has been suggested to temporarily relieve pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knees.

The use of pain medication in order to relieve suffering, even if it hastens death, has been held as legal in several court decisions.

Although Epicurus has been commonly misunderstood to advocate the rampant pursuit of pleasure, he was actually after the absence of pain ( both physical and mental, i. e., suffering )-a state of satiation and tranquility that was free of the fear of death and the retribution of the gods.

Hydrocodone can usually be successfully used with duloxetine ( Cymbalta ) for neuropathic pain, especially that from diabetic neuropathy, provided that the patient has normal relative and absolute levels of Cytochrome P450-related liver enzymes.

Hydrocodone is regulated in the same fashion as in Germany ( see below ) under the Austrian Suchtmittelgesetz ; since 2002 it has been available in the form of German products and those produced elsewhere in the European Union under Article 76 of the Schengen Treaty — prior to this, no Austrian companies produced hydrocodone products, with dihydrocodeine and nicomorphine being more commonly used for the same levels of pain and the former for coughing.

There has been further work to suggest that neuropathic pain localized in the pelvic region may respond to neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitors.

Bladder distension ( a procedure which stretches the bladder capacity, done under general anaesthesia ) has shown some success in reducing urinary frequency and giving pain relief to patients.