His solution was in the manner of a true follower of Innocent III: he issued what in retrospect has been viewed as the magna carta of the University, assuming direct control by extending papal patronage: his Bull allowed future suspension of lectures over a flexible range of provocations, from " monstrous injury or offense " to squabbles over " the right to assess the rents of lodgings ".

By the end of the year, a solution was offered by the new papal bull Etsi de statu, which allowed clerical taxation in cases of pressing urgency.

As a temporary solution, the pope appointed William the papal legate for England, giving him powers superior to those of York.

It was characteristic of him to remain satisfied with a single solution to an architectural problem, as shown in the fact that he reapplied the motif of the Lateran Palace in the later part of the Vatican containing the present papal residence, and in the additions to the Quirinal Palace.

It was not merely a hunger for `` money, gold and precious objects '' that delayed the papal pronouncement that could have brought the war to an end ; ;

When the negotiations began, his quarrel with the king of France was temporarily in abeyance, and he had no intention of reviving it so long as there was hope that French money would come to pay the troops who, under Charles of Valois, the papal vicar of Tuscany, were so valuable in the crusade against the Colonna cardinals and their Sicilian allies.

`` Tact '', by its very derivation, implies that its possessor keeps in touch with other people, but the author of Clericis Laicos and Unam Sanctam, the wielder of the two swords, the papal sun of which the imperial moon was but a dim reflection, the peer of Caesar and vice-regent of Christ, was so high above other human beings that he had forgotten what they were like.

Underneath all the high-sounding phrases of royal and papal letters and behind the more down-to-earth instructions to the envoys was the inescapable fact that Edward would have to desert his Flemish allies and leave them to the vengeance of their indignant suzerain, the king of France, in return for being given an equally free hand with the insubordinate Scots.

Antonio Agliardi ( September 4, 1832 – March 19, 1915 ) was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal, archbishop, and papal diplomat.

In 1060, Ealdred was elected to the archbishopric of York, but had difficulty in obtaining papal approval for his appointment, only managing to do so when he promised not to hold the bishoprics of York and Worcester simultaneously.

And, Offa is not known to have issued a law code, leading historian Patrick Wormald to speculate that Alfred had in mind the legatine capitulary of 786 that was presented to Offa by two papal legates.

Although he was in charge of the project for the papal villa, the Villa Pamphili, now Villa Doria Pamphili, outside the Porta San Pancrazio in Rome, he may have had professional guidance on the design of the casino from the architect / engineer Girolamo Rainaldi and help with supervising its construction from his assistant Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi.

The subject was apt for a papal state seeking clout, since it depicts the historical legend when the greatest of the popes Leo, with supernatural aid, deterred the Huns from looting Rome.

With this papal blessing, Portugal was at last secured as a kingdom.

The marriage of Alfonso and Urraca was declared null by the Pope, as they were second cousins, in 1110, but he ignored the papal nuncio and clung to his liaison with Urraca until 1114.

The Aragonese took Ramiro out of a monastery and made him king, marrying him without papal dispensation to Agnes, sister of the Duke of Aquitaine, then betrothing their newborn daughter to Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, who was then named Ramiro's heir.

Cam., also referred to as Ambrose of Camaldoli, ( 1386 – October 20, 1439 ) was an Italian monk and theologian, who was a prime supporter of the papal cause in the 15th century.

He was next sent by the Pope to the Emperor Sigismund to ask his aid in the pope's efforts to end this Council, which for five years had been encroaching on papal prerogatives.

Before the break with papal authority in the 16th century, the Church of England was an integral part of the Western European church.

In the meantime, Lambert and his mother Ageltrude travelled to Rome to receive papal confirmation of his imperial succession, but Formosus, still desiring to crown Arnulf, was imprisoned in Castel Sant ' Angelo.

After the fall of the Duchy of Athens and the principality of Achaia, the only Latin possessions left on the mainland of Greece were the papal city of Monemvasia, the fortress of Vonitsa, the Messenian stations Coron and Modon, Navarino, the castles of Argos and Nauplia, to which the island of Aegina was subordinate, Lepanto and Pteleon.

Abbreviator, plural Abbreviators in English or Abbreviatores in Latin, also called Breviators, were a body of writers in the papal chancery, whose business was to sketch out and prepare in due form the pope's bulls, briefs and consistorial decrees before these are written out in extenso by the scriptores.

The pope previously used the title Patriarch of the West, but this title was dropped from use in 2006 a move which caused some concern within the Orthodox Communion as, to them, it implied wider papal jurisdiction.

In the course of a plot between Philip of Swabia, Boniface of Montferrat and the Doge of Venice, the Fourth Crusade was, despite papal excommunication, diverted in 1203 against Constantinople, ostensibly promoting the claims of Alexius son of the deposed emperor Isaac.

Although female roles were performed by castrati in some of the papal states, this was increasingly rare ; by 1680, they had supplanted " normal " male voices in lead roles, and retained their position as primo uomo for about a hundred years ; an Italian opera not featuring at least one renowned castrato in a lead part would be doomed to fail.

The canonization of Saint Udalric, Bishop of Augsburg, by Pope John XV in 999 is the first undoubted example of a papal canonization of a saint from outside Rome ( Some historians maintain that the first such canonization was that of Saint Swibert by Pope Leo III in 804 ).

The Order of Preachers was approved in December 1216 and January 1217 by Pope Honorius III in the papal bulls Religiosam vitam and Nos attendentes.

Guillermi's version is mostly copied from other works with small additions or excisions from the papal biographies of Pandulf, nephew of Hugo of Alatri, which in turn was copied almost verbatim from the original Liber Pontificalis ( with the notable exception of the biography of Pope Leo IX ), then from other sources until Pope Honorius II ( 1124 – 1130 ), and with contemporary information from Pope Paschal II ( 1099 – 1118 to Pope Urban II ( 1088 – 1099 ).

True to the practice observed in preceding papal elections, the German court nominated another candidate, Cadalus, bishop of Parma, who was proclaimed Pope at the council of Basel under the name of Honorius II.

Eventually, Celestine ’ s supporters abandoned him, leaving Honorius the only contender for the papal throne.

To maintain papal claims to Tuscany, Honorius appointed Albert, a papal marquis, to rule in the pope ’ s name in opposition to the imperial Margrave of Tuscany, Conrad von Scheiern.

Honorius, however, was most concerned about the former papal stronghold at Fumone, which the nobles, who held it in the pope ’ s name, had decided to keep possession of.

Roger returned in May 1128 and continued to harass papal strongholds while avoiding any direct confrontation with Honorius ’ forces.

Unfortunately, Honorius had just returned to Rome when he was informed that the nobles of Benevento had overthrown and killed the rector ( or papal governor ) of the city and established a Commune.

While there, Honorius ruled that the Bishop of St Andrews was to be subject to the Archbishop of York and in the more contentious issue, he attempted to circumvent his way around the problem by declaring that Thurstan was subject to William de Corbeil, not in his role as Archbishop of Canterbury, but as papal legate for England and Scotland.

Aymeric expanded his powerbase further, with Honorius elevating mostly non-Roman candidates to the college of cardinals, while Papal legates were now chosen solely within the papal circle.

At the same time, he found himself drawn into the continued chaos of local Roman politics, as the Frangipani enjoyed their influence at the papal court, while the Pierleoni family continually fought against them and against Honorius.

Honorius III gave papal sanction to the Dominican order in 1216, and to the Franciscan in 1223.

Honorius IV was the first Pope to employ the great family banking houses of central and northern Italy for the collection of papal dues.

He was created Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria in Via Lata by Pope Honorius II in 1127 ; as such, he signed the papal bulls issued between 3 April 1130 and 21 December 1133.

In 1130, as Pope Honorius II lay dying, the cardinals decided to entrust the election to a commission of eight men led by papal chancellor Haimeric, who had his candidate Cardinal Gregory Papareschi hastily elected as Pope Innocent II.

He succeeded Pope Honorius IV in February 1288 at the end of a papal election that took ten months to conclude.

Honorius also appointed him the librarian of the Diocese of Rome before appointing him papal legate in Germany in 1125.

On various occasions the popes found asylum from the tumults of Rome within its walls, and it was the meeting-place of five conclaves ( Perugia Papacy ), including those that elected Honorius III ( 1216 ), Clement IV ( 1285 ), Celestine V ( 1294 ), and Clement V ( 1305 ); the papal presence was characterised by a pacificatory rule between the internal rivalries.

Although Honorius himself agreed with Sergius ' formula, he did not define it as dogma using his papal authority ( ex cathedra ).

The first issuance of a papal privilege granting a monastery freedom from episcopal oversight was that of Pope Honorius I to Bobbio Abbey, one of Columbanus's institutions.

Upon the death of Pope Honorius in February 1130 there were two claimants to the papal throne.

In 1126, when it received papal approbation by Pope Honorius II, there were nine houses ; others were established in quick succession throughout western Europe, so that at the middle of the fourteenth century there were some 1, 300 monasteries for men and 400 for women.

The archbishop's next opponent was the papal legate of the new Pope Honorius II, Cardinal John of Crema, who arrived in England in 1125.