In 1455, in an effort to control inflation, the succeeding Ming Dynasty ended the use of paper money and closed much of Chinese trade.

Searle then supposes that he is in a closed room and has a book with an English version of the computer program, along with sufficient paper, pencils, erasers, and filing cabinets.

It represents the idea that the graph of a continuous function on a closed interval can be drawn without lifting your pencil from the paper.

He found an essential clue in a 1924 paper by Edmund C. Stoner which pointed out that for a given value of the principal quantum number ( n ), the number of energy levels of a single electron in the alkali metal spectra in an external magnetic field, where all degenerate energy levels are separated, is equal to the number of electrons in the closed shell of the noble gases for the same value of n. This led Pauli to realize that the complicated numbers of electrons in closed shells can be reduced to the simple rule of one per state, if the electron states are defined using four quantum numbers.

This closed in 1861 and was immediately replaced by the longest running paper, the St Helena Guardian ( weekly, 1861 – 1925 ).

Guerrazzi, until this paper was closed down by the authorities, too.

In a 1990 paper by Novikov and several others, Cauchy problem in spacetimes with closed timelike curves, the authors state:

Among the coauthors of this 1990 paper were Kip Thorne, Mike Morris, and Ulvi Yurtsever, who in 1988 had stirred up renewed interest in the subject of time travel in general relativity with their paper Wormholes, Time Machines, and the Weak Energy Condition, which showed that a new general relativity solution known as a traversable wormhole could lead to closed timelike curves, and unlike previous CTC-containing solutions it did not require unrealistic conditions for the universe as a whole.

In Québec, Val-Jalbert is a well-known tourist ghost town ; founded in 1901 around a mechanical pulp mill which became obsolete when paper mills began to break down wood fibre by chemical means, it was abandoned when the mill closed in 1927 and re-opened as a park in 1960.

With the advent of computer technology and increasingly harsh trading conditions, the Press's printing house at Oxford was closed in 1989, and its former paper mill at Wolvercote was demolished in 2004.

According to the paper by Thiers, in certain climates and certain seasons, it may be an advantage to remain closed because moisture can be conserved in that way.

After discovering that most of their profits came from hamburgers, the brothers closed their restaurant for three months and reopened it in 1948 as a walk-up stand offering a simple menu of hamburgers, french fries, shakes, coffee, and Coca-Cola, served in disposable paper wrapping.

Outraged, the team closed subsequent practices to the press altogether, leading John Canzano of the paper to respond with outrage on his blog.

International Paper announced on October 22, 2009 that the paper mill will be permanently closed in the spring of 2010.

A weekly all-local paper, The Livingston Community News, was launched in May 2003 with offices in downtown Brighton and was closed in July 2009 when " The Ann Arbor News, the newspaper's parent company, ceased publication.

After the News closed, the Times remained an afternoon paper until 2004.

The paper then operated until the mid-1950s and closed, though no one remembers when or why it closed.

The sawmill closed in 1938, but was replaced as the city's main industry by a paper mill and a chemical plant run by Gaylord Container Corp.

After the Second World War the paper industry started to decline, and when the paper mill closed in the 1960s the town faced hard economic times.

In the 1990s, the Weyerhaeuser sawmill and veneer ( plywood ) plants closed, and the paper plant was downsized.

Another large plant, the paper mill that had operated since the 1880s in Castanea Township, closed in 2001.

At last he found it in the paper of April 2.

Scientists at NASA and Penn State University published a paper in April 2011 addressing the question " Would contact with extraterrestrials benefit or harm humanity?

The discovery was made on 28 February 1953 ; the first Watson / Crick paper appeared in Nature on 25 April 1953.

Later in April, Sloan sought to resolve the differences of opinion with a position paper that he hoped would set up conditions for resuming control of Opel that would put at rest the doubts of GM's more conservative financial minds.

After reading Osmond ’ s paper, Huxley sent him a letter on 10 April 1952 expressing interest in the research and putting himself forward as an experimental subject.

An Overseas Development Institute briefing paper of April 1979 highlights one reason for success as being down to the 1973 Oil Crisis and the encouragement of LDCs to make gains through producers of other commodities.

Although eventually reaching a top circulation of 1500, The Rolling Stone failed in April 1895 since the paper never provided an adequate income.

The paper lying on the table in the portrait describes Cromwell as " Master of the Jewel House ", an official position he occupied for just one year from 12 April 1532, thus dating the portrait.

* Friden Flexowriter combination typewriter, paper tape punch, and paper tape reader, designed by IBM during the 1940s and bought out by Friden in the late 1950s ( Retrieved April 10, 2007 )

Definite proof that the modern type of paper clip was well known in 1899 at the latest, is the patent granted to William Middlebrook of Waterbury, Connecticut on April 27 of that year for a " Machine for making wire paper clips.

# HOMMES & PROCESS ( April 2007 ): " Co-implementation of Groove and SharePoint " ( White paper, in French )

The Alabama Journal was a local afternoon paper from 1899 until April 16, 1993, when it published its last issue before merging with the morning Advertiser.

The paper Poppies for Armistice that year arrived by ship too late for 11 November 1921, so an RSA branch distributed them at the next commemoration date ( 25 April 1922, which happened to be Anzac Day ) and that date stuck as the new Poppy Day in New Zealand.

Hawley formally resigned from the paper in early 1993, and pleaded guilty in April 1993.

* On April 22, 2009, the paper laid off 53 newsroom employees, including well-known bylines like Patrick Reardon, Melissa Isaacson, Russell Working, Jo Napolitano, Susan Diesenhouse, Beth Botts, Lou Carlozo, Jessica Reaves, Tom Hundley, Alan Artner, Eric Benderoff, James P. Miller, Bob Sakamoto, Terry Bannon and John Mullin.

The General Assembly then convened for its second special session between 16 April to 14 May 1948, during which it considers a working paper submitted by the United States ( U. S .) on the question of the " Trusteeship of Palestine ", which was opposed by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( U. S. S. R .) as well as the Jewish Agency.

The paper continued to run his puzzles after his death in April 2010.

Gamow produced an important cosmogony paper with his student Ralph Alpher, which was published as " The Origin of Chemical Elements " ( Physical Review, April 1, 1948 ).

From Russia, with Love was serialised in the Daily Express newspaper commencing on 1 April 1957 ; it was the first Bond novel the paper had adapted in such a way.

In April 1972, issue 90 of The Veterinary Record included a paper on the diseases of Brunus edwardii: a description of lost limbs and thinning hair, accompanied by sketches of a teddy bear resembling Winnie the Pooh.

Another article in the April 2005 Smithsonian noted: " In 1965 he began selling signed sheets of otherwise blank lithograph paper for $ 10 a sheet.

As of April 2011, published working papers covered St. Lucia, Tobago, Belize, and the Dominican Republic, with a paper for Jamaica in preparation.

Albert Einstein ( 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 ) explained the anomalous precession of Mercury's perihelion in his 1916 paper The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity.