There is little doubt that they were promulgated by the Supreme Court as a direct result of the Selden patent suit.

In 1999 they brought a legal challenge to this patent which had granted a private US citizen " ownership " of the knowledge of a plant that is well-known and sacred to many indigenous peoples of the Amazon, and used by them in religious and healing ceremonies.

On 10 June, they filed another patent and formed Bíró Pens of Argentina.

Because Guest's children are adopted, they cannot inherit the family barony under the terms of the letters patent that created it, though a 2004 Royal Warrant addressing the style of a peer's adopted children states that they can use courtesy titles.

Edison, however, never attempted to patent these instruments on the other side of the Atlantic, since they relied so greatly on previous experiments and innovations from Britain and Europe.

The medieval guild was established by charters or letters patent or similar authority by the city or the ruler and normally held a monopoly on trade in its craft within the city in which it operated: handicraft workers were forbidden by law to run any business if they were not members of a guild, and only masters were allowed to be members of a guild.

Watt adamantly opposed this and they circumvented the patent by their sun and planet gear in 1781.

At the same time, they advise users to obtain a patent license for any relevant technologies that LAME may implement before including a compiled version of the encoder in a product.

On September 11, 1941 Bockmühl and Ehrhart filed an application for a patent for a synthetic substance they called Hoechst 10820 or polamidon ( a name still in regular use in Germany ) and whose structure had only slight relation to morphine or the opiate alkaloids ( Bockmühl and Ehrhart, 1949 ).

On their 1614 map, which gave them a four year trade monopoly under a patent of the States General, they named the newly discovered and mapped territory New Netherland for the first time.

Rather than apply for a patent at that time, however, they deposited the machine in a sealed box at the Smithsonian, and specified that it was not to be opened without the consent of two of the three men.

In 1885, when the Volta Associates were sure that they had a number of practical inventions, they filed patent applications and began to seek out investors.

According to them, two of the patents granted to WARF are invalid because they cover a technique published in 1993 for which a patent had already been granted to an Australian researcher.

After World War II, military frogmen of all countries continued to use rebreathers ( since they do not make bubbles and thus are not visible from the surface ) and Air Liquide started selling commercially the Cousteau-Gagnan regulator as of 1946 under the name of scaphandre Cousteau-Gagnan or CG45 (" C " for Cousteau, " G " for Gagnan and 45 for a new 1945 patent ).

Virtually all patent licenses include clauses that require the inventor to disclose any trade secrets they have.

Thus, if you are attempting to sell or license your patent rights you want to make sure that you take steps to continue to maintain your trade secrets as secrets, otherwise they will be lost.

The foundation of Peterhouse dates to 1280, when letters patent from Edward I dated Burgh, Suffolk, 24 December 1280 allowed Hugo de Balsham to keep a number of scholars in the Hospital of St John, where they were to live according to the rules of the scholars of Merton.

The history of video games goes as far back as the 1940s, when in 1947 Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr. and Estle Ray Mann filed a United States patent request for an invention they described as a " cathode ray tube amusement device.

On January 25, 1947, Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr. and Estle Ray Mann filed a United States patent request for an invention they described as a " cathode ray tube amusement device ".

Though the monarch retains all executive, legislative, and judicial power in and over Canada, the governor general is permitted to exercise most of this, including the Royal Prerogative, in the sovereign's name ; some as outlined in the Constitution Act, 1867, and some through various letters patent issued over the decades, particularly those from 1947 that constitute the Office of Governor General of Canada ; they state: " And We do hereby authorize and empower Our Governor General, with the advice of Our Privy Council for Canada or of any members thereof or individually, as the case requires, to exercise all powers and authorities lawfully belonging to Us in respect of Canada.

Matters became worse when Bell Labs lawyers found that some of Shockley's own writings on the transistor were close enough to those of an earlier 1925 patent by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld that they thought it best that his name be left off the patent application.

Fearing that there was a risk that the battle would end with the invention being declared unpatentable due to Heaviside's prior publication, they decided to desist from the challenge and buy an option on Pupin's patent for a yearly fee so that AT & T would control both patents.

In San Francisco, after the war, he obtained a patent on the cable car railway that still runs there.

* 1892: February 23, Rudolf Diesel obtained a patent ( RP 67207 ) titled " Arbeitsverfahren und Ausführungsart für Verbrennungsmaschinen ".

* 1919: Prosper L ' Orange obtained a patent on a prechamber insert and made a needle injection nozzle.

Moreover, Reinhold Rudenberg, the scientific director of Siemens-Schuckertwerke, obtained the patent for the electron microscope in May 1931.

In 1932, Ernst Lubcke of Siemens & Halske built and obtained images from a prototype electron microscope, applying concepts described in the Rudenberg patent applications.

After his patent was rejected by the Telegraph Administration, Mimault modified his device to incorporate features from the Meyer telegraph and obtained a new patent which was also rejected.

His uncle, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset tampered with Henry VIII's will and obtained letters patent giving him much of the power of a monarch by March 1547.

The sons of Montgolfier obtained an English patent for an improved version in 1816, and this was acquired, together with Whitehurst's design, in 1820 by Josiah Easton, a Somerset-born engineer who had just moved to London.

Approximately 200 years after the end of Elizabeth's reign, however, a patent represents a legal obtained by an inventor providing for exclusive control over the production and sale of his mechanical or scientific invention ... the evolution of patents from royal prerogative to common-law doctrine.

An extension of the patent to 1800 was successfully obtained in 1775.

In 1845, industrialist Peter Cooper ( who built the first American steam-powered locomotive, the Tom Thumb ), obtained a patent ( US Patent 4084 ) for powdered gelatin.

In 1880 Edison obtained a further patent, US 224, 665: " Method of Preparing Autographic Stencils for Printing ", which covered the making of stencils using a file plate, a grooved metal plate on which the stencil was placed which perforated the stencil when written on with a blunt metal stylus.

In 1938, British scientists obtained a patent on a newly formulated nonsteroidal estrogen, diethylstilbestrol ( DES ), that was cheaper and more powerful than the previously manufactured estrogens.

He obtained a patent for his detection device in April 1904 and later a patent for a related amendment for determining the distance to the ship.

In 1934 the Frenchman Émile Girardeau stated he was building an obstacle-locating radio apparatus " conceived according to the principles stated by Tesla " and obtained a patent for a working system, a part of which was installed on the Normandie liner in 1935.

The world's first patent for an underwater echo ranging device was filed at the British Patent Office by English meteorologist Lewis Richardson a month after the sinking of the Titanic, and a German physicist Alexander Behm obtained a patent for an echo sounder in 1913.

A contra-rotating steam turbine, usually known as the Ljungström turbine, was originally invented by Swedish Engineer Fredrik Ljungström ( 1875 – 1964 ) in Stockholm, and in partnership with his brother Birger Ljungström he obtained a patent in 1894.

In 1919, shortly after the Morkrum company obtained their patent for a start-stop synchronizing method for code telegraph systems, which made possible the practical teleprinter, Kleinschmidt filed an application titled " Method of and Apparatus for Operating Printing Telegraphs " which included an improved start-stop method.

The new company combined the best features of both their machines into a new typewheel printer for which Kleinschmidt, Howard Krum, and Sterling Morton jointly obtained a patent.

By 1886, the German Gustav Bloem of Düsseldorf, Germany had obtained a U. S. patent for hemispherical cavity metal detonators to concentrate the effect of the explosion in an axial direction.

In an agreement between John Ferrabee and Edwin Budding dated May 18, 1830, Ferrabee paid the costs of development, obtained letters of patent and acquired rights to manufacture, sell and license other manufacturers in the production of lawn mowers.

Bessemer also obtained a patent in 1857 for the casting of metal between contrarotating rollers-a forerunner of today's continuous casting processes and remarkably, Bessemer's original idea has been implemented in the direct continuous casting of steel strip.