In Germany, neither Jews nor the Roma were considered part of the people, and were specifically targeted for persecution.

It is, however, what Michel-Rolph Trouillot terms “ an age when collective apologies are becoming increasingly common ” as well as a time when the established Holocaust discourse has settled and legitimized claims of the Jewish, Roma and mentally ill victims of Nazi persecution so it would seem an appropriate time to at least bring attention to the debate of the Gay Holocaust, even if the issue is not to be settled.

Under Hitler's rule, both Roma and Jews were defined as " enemies of the race-based state " by the Nuremberg laws ; the two groups were targeted by similar policies and persecution, culminating in the near annihilation of both populations within Nazi-occupied countries.

Formal recognition and commemoration of the Roma persecution by the Nazis is practically difficult due to the lack of significant collective memory and documentation of the Porajmos among the Roma, a consequence both of their oral traditions and their illiteracy, heightened by widespread poverty and discrimination that forces some Roma out of state schools.

During Operation Reinhard ( 1941-43 ), an undetermined number of Roma were also killed in the extermination camps, such as Treblinka. The Nazi persecution of Roma varied from country to country and region to region.

For instance, although slavery and serfdom are key themes in the history of Roma in the Eastern Europe, other forms of persecution, including early forms of genocide, are preponderant in Western Europe.

The persecution of Sinti and Roma in Germany dramatically increased in the following years.

* Nazi persecution of Roma and Sinti, homosexuals, Jehovah ’ s Witnesses, political dissidents, Poles, and Soviet prisoners of war

He was shunned but was never a target of Nazi persecution like Jews and Roma were.

Do patriots everywhere know enough about how the persecution of the Jews in Germany and later in the occupied countries contributed to terrorizing the populations, splitting apart individuals and groups, arousing the meanest and most dishonest impulses, pulverizing trust and personal dignity, and finally forcing people to follow their masters into the abyss by making them partners in unspeakable crimes??

James Johnson argued that A Modest Proposal was largely influenced and inspired by Tertullian ’ s Apology: a satirical attack against early Roman persecution of Christianity.

Extreme instances of persecution include the pogroms which preceded the First Crusade in 1096, the expulsion from England in 1290, the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391, the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition, the expulsion from Spain in 1492, Cossack massacres in Ukraine, various pogroms in Russia, the Dreyfus affair, the Final Solution by Hitler's Germany, official Soviet anti-Jewish policies and the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries.

Increasing religious fervour, aided by persecution, drove them farther and farther away from the civilization into mountain solitudes or lonely deserts.

Under Ambrose's major influence, emperors Gratian, Valentinian II and Theodosius I carried on a persecution of Paganism .< ref name = " MacMullen1984p100 "> MacMullen ( 1984 ) p. 100: ‘ The law of June 391, issued by Theodosius [...] was issued from Milan and represented the will of its bishop, Ambrose ; for Theodosius — recently excommunicated by Ambrose, penitent, and very much under his influence < sup > 43 </ sup > — was no natural zealot.

The years were marked by persecution of the followers of the Paulician and Bogomil heresies — one of his last acts was to publicly burn at the stake Basil, a Bogomil leader, with whom he had engaged in a theological dispute.

* 1933 – Nazi Germany begins its persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses by shutting down the Watch Tower Society office in Magdeburg.

Constantius ' persistence in his opposition to Athanasius, combined with reports Athanasius received about the persecution of non-Arians by the new Arian bishop George of Laodicea, prompted Athanasius to write his more emotional History of the Arians, in which he described Constantius as a precursor of the Antichrist.

Ar., lxiv, and De Syn., xviii ), St Athanasius does not recall from memory being a first hand witness to the onset of the great persecution by the Tetrarchy of Diocletian and Maximian in February 303, for in referring to the events of this period he makes no direct appeal to his own personal recollections, but falls back on tradition.

He recounts being a student in that school who was educated by the Martyrs of the Great ( tenth ) and last persecution of Christianity at the hands of pagan Rome.

Porteous and Roche agree that the Book of Daniel is composed of folktales that were used to fortify the Jewish faith during a time of great persecution and oppression by the Hellenized Seleucids some four centuries after Babylonian captivity.

Writer / director Todd Solondz, a favorite cult director, had his first major success with the black comedy Welcome to the Dollhouse ( 1995 ), a brutally-honest look at the persecution of a young junior high student by her classmates.

Christian attitudes to Judaism and to the Jewish people developed from the early years of Christianity, the persecution of Christians in the New Testament, and persisted over the ensuing centuries, driven by numerous factors including theological differences, competition between Church and Synagogue, the Christian drive for converts decreed by the Great Commission, misunderstanding of Jewish beliefs and practices, and a perceived Jewish hostility toward Christians.

Comparative law in the US was brought by a legal scholar fleeing persecution in Germany, Rudolf Schlesinger.

* Historical persecution by Christians-persecution of other groups by Christians

The Nazi propaganda depicted Weimar as " a morass of corruption, degeneracy, national humiliation, ruthless persecution of the honest ' national opposition ' —- fourteen years of rule by Jews, Marxists and ' cultural Bolsheviks ', who had at last been swept away by the National Socialist movement under Adolf Hitler and the victory of the ' national revolution ' of 1933.

The dholes are classed as endangered by the IUCN, due to ongoing habitat loss, depletion of its prey base, competition from other predators, persecution and possibly diseases from domestic and feral dogs.

For the next seven years, the Druze faced extreme persecution by the new caliph, al-Zahir, who wanted to eradicate the faith.

An early Muslim tradition is that the Negus Ashama ibn Abjar offered asylum to a group of Muslims fleeing persecution during Muhammad's life ( 615 ), but Stuart Munro-Hay believes that Axum had been abandoned as the capital by then – although Kobishchanov states that Ethiopian raiders plagued the Red Sea, preying on Arabian ports at least as late as 702.

Self-exile is often depicted as a form of protest by the person that claims it, to avoid persecution or legal matters ( such as tax or criminal allegations ), an act of shame or repentance, or isolating oneself to be able to devote time to a particular thing.

* As the author saw it, at least some among them were being tempted to avoid severe persecution by " shrinking back " from the eschatalogical fulfillment of the true hope and faith of the Old Testament proclaimed by the apostolic witness to Jesus Christ.

Much of Strauss's motivation in his conduct during the Third Reich was, however, to protect his Jewish daughter-in-law Alice and his Jewish grandchildren from persecution.

In other cases ( e. g. in the case of the formerly large German-speaking populations of Russia, Estonia, or the Transylvanian ( Siebenbürgen ) German minority in Rumania and the Balkans ) such persecution was a crime committed against innocent communities who had played no part in the Third Reich.

He was imprisoned in Paris in 1569 / 70 during the Third war of Religion, in what may have been a form of protective custody to escape the persecution of Catholic zealots who considered him a secret supporter of the Reformation.

Movies about persecution of Jews in the Third Reich like Jakob der Lügner and the resistance against fascism Fünf Patronenhülsen, ( both directed by Frank Beyer ), became internationally famous.

In other cases ( e. g. in the case of the formerly large German-speaking populations of Russia, Estonia, or the Transylvanian ( Siebenbürgen ) German minority in Rumania and the Balkans ) such persecution was a crime committed against innocent communities who had played no part in the Third Reich.

He was an outspoken critic of certain Nazi policies, emerging in 1941 as one of the church's most outspoken critics of the Third Reich, issuing forceful, public denunciations of its euthanasia programs and persecution of the Catholic Church.

During the time of the Third Reich, there was a very real danger of religious persecution for adherents of any religious association beside the Protestant Reich Church.

While persecution of certain Roman Catholic clerics and monastic orders occurred during the Third Republic, the Concordat of 1801 endured for more than a century until it was abrogated by the government of the Third Republic, which established a policy of laïcité on December 11, 1905.

Regardless of these issues, some people still honour her memory, be it for her work as the founder of the Gründerzeit Museum, or for her public role as a transvestite and her foregrounding of the persecution of homosexuals in both the Third Reich and East Germany.

While ethnic Poles were subject to selective persecution, all ethnic Jews were targeted by the Reich.

) Richard C. Hubbard, a psychiatrist who admired Reich, examined him on admission, recording paranoia manifested by delusions of grandiosity, persecution, and ideas of reference:

" American inquisition: the FDA's persecution of Wilhelm Reich ", Reason, 11 ( 9 ): 30-4.

Despite the incipient persecution of leftist and opposition politicians and the presence of the SA, he made an outspoken speech opposing the Enabling Act, which formally took the power of legislation away from the Reichstag and handed it over to the Reich cabinet for a period of four years.

Thus, there was almost no relevant protest against the Jewish persecution on the part of the generals or the leading groups within the Reich government.