The Bourbon economic philosophy, moreover, is not very different from that of Northern conservatives.

What is the history of criticism but the history of men attempting to make sense of the manifold elements in art that will not allow themselves to be reduced to a single philosophy or a single aesthetic theory??

However, it is important to trace the philosophy of the French Revolution to its sources to understand the common democratic origin of individualism and socialism and the influence of the latter on the former.

It is through such reflection that literature approaches philosophy.

Here we may observe that at least one modern philosophy of history is built on the assumption that ideas are the primary objectives of the historian's research.

No one can be as effective as the president in inspiring older men to welcome imaginative new teachers whose philosophy or approach to their specialties is quite different.

It is his relentlessness and unwaivering adherence to this revolutionary artistic philosophy that has enabled him to paint such pictures as `` The Invasion of Cuba ''.

A parallel function for philosophy is the study of the relation between perceptions experientially received and conceptions logically formed.

It is absurd to speak of philosophy as a superior enterprise to sociology, since the former is a logical, rational discipline, where sociology is essentially descriptive and empirical.

But contrary to Whitehead, philosophy is not a synonym for Plato.

The notion of philosophy as Queen Bee may fit well with authoritarian modes of political ideology, but it has been noted that the price of such an imperial notion of philosophy is the frustration and flagellation of the social sciences.

It is a commonplace that to the degree these special preserves of past philosophic hunting grounds establish an empirical content and suitable methodological criteria, they move away from philosophy as such.

What is left to traditional systems of philosophy is, in effect, only the history of these fields prior to their becoming rigorous enough to abide by the canons of scientific method.

In the new situation, philosophy is able to provide the social sciences with the same guidance that mathematics offers the physical sciences, a reservoir of logical relations that can be used in framing hypotheses having explanatory and predictive value.

) Whatever philosophy is conceived to be, its rationalist, logistic attitude to evidence should make it clear that it is something other than science.

Bergson and Leroy announce that `` the secret is the center of a philosophy '' and thereafter a hundred followers declare secrecy a higher verity.

In addition to the incompleteness of science and the completeness of metaphysics, they differ in that science is essentially descriptive, while philosophy in its inherited forms, tends to be goal-oriented, teleological and prescriptive.

Indicating the way in which he has turned his back on his 1910 philosophy, Mr. Reama said: `` A Socialist is a person who believes in dividing everything he does not own ''.

Yet, even after all these stratagems, the conscience of Christian liberality is still not laid to rest, any more than is the conscience of Harvard University for having done the abject penance for its rejection of Ralph Waldo Emerson's The Divinity School Address of naming its hall of philosophy after him.

Yet, after Rousseau had given the social contract a new twist with his notion of the General Will, the same philosophy, it may be said, became the idea source of the French Revolution also.

Swift also recognizes the implications of such a fact in making mercantilist philosophy a paradox: the wealth of a country is based on the poverty of the majority of its citizens.

Anarcho-capitalism ( also referred to as " libertarian anarchy " and " private-property anarchism " or " market anarchism ," and " free market anarchism ") is a right-libertarian political philosophy that advocates the elimination of the state in favor of individual sovereignty in a free market.

The anarcho-capitalist flag is also widely used by voluntaryists, whose philosophy is very similar.

Rothbard bases his philosophy on natural law grounds and also provides economic explanations of why he thinks anarcho-capitalism is preferable on pragmatic grounds as well.

Even though this period-known in its earlier part as the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period-in its latter part was fraught with chaos and bloody battles, it is also known as the Golden Age of Chinese philosophy because a broad range of thoughts and ideas were developed and discussed freely.

See also: Dualism, Dualism ( philosophy of mind )

See also: Jewish philosophy, Christian philosophy

In philosophy, religion, mythology, and fiction, the afterlife ( also referred to as life after death, or Hereafter ) is the concept of a realm, or the realm itself ( whether physical or transcendental ), in which an essential part of an individual's identity or consciousness continues to reside after the death of the body in the individual's lifetime.

Aesthetics ( also spelled æsthetics ) is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty.

Friedrich von Schlegel, August Wilhelm Schlegel, Friedrich Schleiermacher and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel have also given lectures on aesthetics as philosophy of art after 1800.

Benacerraf also developed the philosophy of mathematical structuralism, according to which there are no mathematical objects.

The nature of " being " has also been debated and explored in Islamic philosophy, notably by Ibn Sina, Suhrawardi, and Mulla Sadra.

" Socrates also used his ugliness as a philosophical touch point, concluding that philosophy can save us from our outward ugliness.

The terms breatharianism or inedia may also refer to this philosophy practised as a lifestyle in place of the usual diet.

" Critical philosophy " is also used as another name for Kant's philosophy itself.

It has also given rise to a new theory of the philosophy of mathematics, and many theories of artificial intelligence, persuasion and coercion.

In juxtaposition, it also marks a fundamental distinction from western philosophy, in which the dominant view of time is a linear progression.

Taoism ( Daoism ) is a philosophy and later also developed into a religion based on the texts the Tao Te Ching ( Dào Dé Jīng ; ascribed to Laozi ) and the Zhuangzi ( partly ascribed to Zhuangzi ).

During the Industrial and Modern Ages, Chinese philosophy had also begun to integrate concepts of Western philosophy, as steps toward modernization.

In A critique of Postcolonial Reason, Spivak argues that Western philosophy has a history of not only exclusion of the Subaltern from discourse, but also does not allow them to occupy the space of a fully human subject.

Alexander's philosophy of incremental, organic, coherent design also influenced the extreme programming movement.