Aristotle's writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality, aesthetics, logic, science, politics, and metaphysics.

In philosophy, he wrote on aesthetics, ethics, government, metaphysics, politics, economics, psychology, rhetoric and theology.

Medieval aesthetics in the realm of philosophy built upon Classical thought, continuing the practice of Plotinus by employing theological terminology in its explications.

So aesthetics began now to be the name for the philosophy of art.

Friedrich von Schlegel, August Wilhelm Schlegel, Friedrich Schleiermacher and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel have also given lectures on aesthetics as philosophy of art after 1800.

Guy Sircello pioneered efforts in analytic philosophy to develop a rigorous theory of aesthetics, focusing on the concepts of beauty, love and sublimity.

For some, aesthetics is considered a synonym for the philosophy of art since Hegel, while others insist that there is a significant distinction between these closely related fields.

Art is an autonomous entity for philosophy, because art deals with the senses ( i. e. the etymology of aesthetics ) and art is as such free of any moral or political purpose.

Marx has influenced disciplines such as archaeology, anthropology, media studies, political science, theater, history, sociological theory, cultural studies, education, economics, geography, literary criticism, aesthetics, critical psychology, and philosophy.

Another one of his very important contributions was in the field of philosophy of aesthetics with his famous Abhinavabhāratī commentary of Nāṭyaśāstra of Bharata Muni.

In the intermediate sense, it includes all relevant cultures and a range of musical forms, styles, genres and traditions, but tends to be confined to the humanities-a combination of historical musicology, ethnomusicology, and the humanities of systematic musicology ( philosophy, theoretical sociology, aesthetics ).

In the broad definition, the parent disciplines of musicology include history ; cultural studies and gender studies ; philosophy, aesthetics and semiotics ; ethnology and cultural anthropology ; archeology and prehistory ; psychology and sociology ; physiology and neuroscience ; acoustics and psychoacoustics ; and computer / information sciences and mathematics.

Reasons why this association exists, and what the association consists of, is studied by the branch of philosophy called aesthetics.

He is widely regarded as one of the 20th century's foremost thinkers on aesthetics and philosophy, as well as one of its preeminent essayists.

Adorno's posthumously published Aesthetic Theory, which he planned on dedicating to Samuel Beckett, is the culmination of a lifelong commitment to modern art which attempts to revoke the " fatal separation " of feeling and understanding long demanded by the history of philosophy and explode the privilege aesthetics accords to content over form and contemplation over immersion.

Yet when Adorno turned his attention to Kierkegaard, watchwords like " anxiety ," " inwardness " and " leap "— instructive for existentialist philosophy — were detached from their theological origins and posed, instead, as problems for aesthetics.

Heidegger's work has strongly influenced philosophy, aesthetics of literature, and the humanities.

Clive Bell polemicized post-impressionism in his widely read book Art ( 1914 ), basing his aesthetics partly on Roger Fry ’ s art criticism and G. E. Moore ’ s moral philosophy ; and as the war came he argued provocatively that " in these days of storm and darkness, it seemed right that at the shrine of civilization-in Bloomsbury, I mean-the lamp should be tended assiduously ".

Huntington Cairns, Secretary of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D. C., described Siegel's place in the understanding of aesthetics — the branch of philosophy which studies beauty — as follows:

The patchy education resulting from his country background left Nielsen insatiably curious about the arts, philosophy and aesthetics.

A notable exception to the lack of such debate is Gabrielle Thuller, who points to how kitsch criticism is based on Immanuel Kant's philosophy of aesthetics.

Jonathan Ive, is credited with designing breakthrough products for Apple Inc., which has a strong philosophy in aesthetics.

It dealt with a wide variety of subjects, including political philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, ontology, logic, biology, rhetoric, and aesthetics.

Much of human experience does not fall under science or mathematics but under the philosophy of value, including ethics, aesthetics, and political philosophy.

Despite an ambiguity due to its failure clearly to define `` relative costs '', the above exposition of fully distributed costing goes about as far as one can go toward expressing the basic philosophy of the practice.

In practice, the primary foundation and function of Confucianism is as an ethical philosophy to be practiced by all the members of a society.

In 1912, Dewey sent out students of his philosophy to found The Park School of Buffalo and The Park School of Baltimore to put it into practice.

Epicurus ' teachings were introduced into medical philosophy and practice by the Epicurean doctor Asclepiades of Bithynia, who was the first physician who introduced Greek medicine in Rome.

In contrast to the Freudian school's individualistic style of analysis, this practice studied the dynamics of several subjects in complex interaction ; it led Guattari into a broader philosophical exploration of, and political engagement with, a vast array of intellectual and cultural domains ( philosophy, ethnology, linguistics, architecture, etc.

Rousseau ’ s philosophy of education is not concerned with particular techniques of imparting information and concepts, but rather with developing the pupil ’ s character and moral sense, so that he may learn to practice self-mastery and remain virtuous even in the unnatural and imperfect society in which he will have to live.

Its philosophy and practice emphasize the necessity of self-effort to move the soul toward divine consciousness and liberation.

This work contains Marx's criticism of materialism ( for being contemplative ), idealism ( for reducing practice to theory ) and overall, criticising philosophy for putting abstract reality above the physical world.

As far as it is a reflexive practice philosophy always already incorporates its own considering e. g. by appealing to its own tradition, to its opponents or to its history ; thus historicist philosophies, such as Hegel's, are metaphilosophies without mention of the term.

However, some schools of contemporary philosophy such as the pragmatists and naturalistic epistemologists argue that philosophy should be linked to science and should be scientific in the broad sense of that term, " preferring to see philosophical reflection as continuous with the best practice of any field of intellectual enquiry ".

Kaplan, a critic of both Orthodox and Reform Judaism, believed that Jewish practice should be reconciled with modern thought, a philosophy reflected in his Sabbath Prayer Book ..." Due to Kaplan's evolving position on Jewish theology and the liturgy, he was also condemned as a heretic by members of Young Israel.

Although apart from the practice of magic, this was not a revival of pagan cultic practice, the Renaissance was a " rebirth " of the philosophy of pagan antiquity especially Platonism ( or Neo-Platonism, Plotinism ), but also Epicureanism, re-introduced by Baroque philosopher Pierre Gassendi, described as a " new paganism " in the history of philosophy.

Satyagraha ( ) is a philosophy and practice of nonviolent resistance developed by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( also known as " Mahatma " Gandhi ).

However, the experience of the practice of law made Proclus realize that he truly preferred philosophy.

" However, some recent scholarship has argued that not all types of religion are necessarily separated by mutually exclusive philosophies, and furthermore that the utility of ascribing a practice to a certain philosophy, or even calling a given practice religious, rather than cultural, political, or social in nature, is limited.

In present day discussions on the practice of animal vivisection, it is normal to consider Descartes as an advocate of this practice, as a result of his dualistic philosophy.

From the 1920s onward, the movement spread around the globe, eventually affecting the visual arts, literature, film, and music of many countries and languages, as well as political thought and practice, philosophy, and social theory.