Claudius also made a law requiring plaintiffs to remain in the city while their cases were pending, as defendants had previously been required to do.

The plaintiffs sought declarations, inter alia, that the Meriam people were entitled to the Murray Islands " as owners ; as possessors ; as occupiers ; or as persons entitled to use and enjoy the said islands ".

It was in relation to the latter that, in November 2008, the United States Court of Appeals in Cincinnati decided that a case over sexual abuse by Catholic priests could proceed, provided the plaintiffs could prove that the bishops accused of negligent supervision were acting as employees or agents of the Holy See and were following official Holy See policy.

In the 2010 WebcamGate case, plaintiffs charged two suburban Philadelphia high schools secretly spied on students by surreptitiously and remotely activating webcams embedded in school-issued laptops the students were using at home, and therefore infringed on their privacy rights.

Materials which the plaintiffs had worked with and were ready to republish were now unavailable due to copyright restrictions. Eric Eldred, the lead plaintiff.

That is, plaintiffs were only required to show that a conspiracy may be conceivable.

Between 1969 and January 22, 1973, the date when the Supreme Court decided Roe and Doe, there were twenty-one district court and two court of appeals decisions featuring anonymous plaintiffs.

The plaintiffs ' lawyers were confident that they would be able to win this suit due to the success of the Schwab case wherein tobacco companies were found guilty of fraud-like charges because they were selling the idea that light cigarettes were safer than regular cigarettes.

The plaintiffs were thirteen Topeka parents on behalf of their twenty children.

The thirteen plaintiffs were: Oliver Brown, Darlene Brown, Lena Carper, Sadie Emmanuel, Marguerite Emerson, Shirley Fleming, Zelma Henderson, Shirley Hodison, Maude Lawton, Alma Lewis, Iona Richardson, and Lucinda Todd.

) Linda Brown was merely the " poster child ," as it were, for some 200 plaintiffs altogether.

The plaintiffs alleged that the certification of election was improper, and that certain pre-marked " unofficial " ballots printed by supporters of the new county were cast in place of official ballots, and should be voided.

Most of the plaintiffs were awarded only one dollar each for actual losses, but they were awarded $ 16. 2 million in punitive damages.

Oftentimes, plaintiffs who were injured or forced to leave their jobs still have mortgages, rent, medical expenses, or other bills to pay.

Schwartz said that the car was no more fire-prone than other cars of the time, that its fatality rates were lower than comparably sized imported automobiles, and that the supposed " smoking gun " document that plaintiffs said demonstrated Ford's callousness in designing the Pinto was actually a document based on National Highway Traffic Safety Administration regulations about the value of a human life — rather than a document containing an assessment of Ford's potential tort liability.

In 1850, a new set of Chancery orders were produced by the Lord Chancellor, allowing Masters to speed up cases in whatever way they chose and allowing plaintiffs to file a claim, rather than the more expensive and long-winded bill of complaint.

Damages were sometimes given as an ancillary remedy, such as in Browne v Dom Bridges in 1588, where the defendant had disposed of waste inside the plaintiffs woods.

McCarthy, along with the New York Civil Liberties Union, philanthropist Stewart Mott, the Conservative Party of New York State, the Mississippi Republican Party, and the Libertarian Party, were the plaintiffs in Buckley, becoming key players in killing campaign spending limits and public financing of political campaigns.

Jonathan Levy, a lawyer who represented plaintiffs in a 1999 lawsuit against the Ustaše and others, said: " Many are still terrified of the Ustashe, the Serbs particularly.

That same year, Sumner represented the plaintiffs in Roberts v. Boston, a case which challenged the legality of segregation.

The plaintiffs, represented by Paul Pape and Harvey Strosberg of the Toronto law firm Pape Barristers, alleged that the conversion of foreign-currency transactions resulted in an undisclosed or inadequately disclosed mark-up.

In 1998 seven plaintiffs represented by lawyer Yoshio Isayama sued JT at the Tokyo District Court for ¥ 70 million compensation (¥ 10 million per plaintiff ) for health damage caused by smoking JT cigarettes.

The plaintiffs were represented by Daniel Webster, William Pinkney and William Wirt.

Joseph J. Arvay, Q. C., represented the plaintiffs Egan and Nesbit, who delivered a motion for a declaration of unconstitutionality to the Federal Court of Canada ( Trial Division ).

" In Filartiga, two Paraguayan citizens resident in the U. S., represented by the Center for Constitutional Rights, brought suit against a Paraguyan former police chief who was also living in the U. S. The plaintiffs alleged that the defendant had tortured and murdered a member of their family, and they asserted that U. S. federal courts had jurisdiction over their suit under the ATS.

As of 2002, the company had paid out as much as $ 160 million against various plaintiffs in Alabama, including those represented by Stewart.

Differing from similar formats, the plaintiffs and defendants were represented " pro bono " by famous attorneys.

Filed by former Fastenal Assistant General Managers who accused the company of misclassifying them as exempt from the federal Fair Labor Standards Act and corresponding state wage and hour laws in California, Oregon, and Pennsylvania, these plaintiffs were represented by Nichols Kaster, PLLP.

Hermle represented all four plaintiffs in Varian v. Delfino a SLAPP case that generated more than 10, 000 billable hours.

The plaintiffs also argued that to force broadcasters to give portions of " free time " to the represented political parties and members of parliament had the effect of taking away their right to charge money for broadcasting advertisements.

In 1982, his wealth and law firm expanded exponentially when he represented a large number of plaintiffs in asbestos litigation and won.

The plaintiffs were clients of Berger & Montague and were represented by Gorby, Reeves, and Peters.

In the mid-1970s, Sive represented plaintiffs in an unsuccessful environmental lawsuit challenging the Navy's Trident Submarine.

331, fn. 1 ( 2004 ) (" In the late 1960s, Mr. Sive represented plaintiffs in the seminal administrative standing and environmental cases surrounding Storm King Mountain.

The plaintiffs were represented by the American Civil Liberties Union ( ACLU ), Americans United for Separation of Church and State ( AU ) and Pepper Hamilton LLP.

Desegregation can also result from additional suits brought by Negro plaintiffs against school boards in Newport News, Fairfax County, Arlington County, and Norfolk.

These " coupon settlements " ( which usually allow the plaintiffs to receive a small benefit such as a small check or a coupon for future services or products with the defendant company ) are a way for a defendant to forestall major liability by precluding a large number of people from litigating their claims separately, to recover reasonable compensation for the damages.

These doctrines remain relevant, and most recently have been used by plaintiffs seeking to impose liability for the consequences of global climate change.

On October 26, 2010, popular free-software gnutella servent LimeWire was ordered shut down by Judge Kimba Wood of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York when she signed a Consent Injunction which LimeWire and recording industry plaintiffs had agreed upon.

A federal appeals court denied the plaintiffs an injunction ( Suntrust v. Houghton Mifflin ) against publication on the basis that the book was parody and therefore protected by the First Amendment.

The doctrine is actually used by judges to limit the scope of the defendant's liability to a subset of the total class of potential plaintiffs who suffered some harm from the defendant's actions.

The plaintiffs also addressed the lower court's justification for limiting marital status to male-female couples — linking marital status to child rearing — noting that Vermont law recognizes same-sex couples ' right to adopt children, and to parent children conceived by natural and artificial means.

The court examined and rejected the State's argument that same-sex marriages would do harm by weakening the link between marriage and child rearing, based largely on the arguments provided by the plaintiffs.

Instead, the plaintiffs extended their argument on the copyright clause to note that the clause requires Congress to " promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts ," and argued that retroactive extensions do not directly serve this purpose in the standard quid pro quo previously required by the courts.

From this pool of available jurymen the court hears and excludes those with conflicts of interest in the case, after which the defendants and plaintiffs have the right to exclude a number of members, varying by county and group.

In early cases, it was easier for plaintiffs to show market relationship, or dominance, by tailoring market definition, even if it ignored fundamental principles of economics.

The injury claimed by the plaintiffs was that damage would be caused to certain species of animals and that this in turn injures the plaintiffs by the reduced likelihood that the plaintiffs would see the species in the future.

The plaintiffs claimed the defendants had misrepresented the asset value of Subway Sandwich Shops ( a leasing company used by Doctor's Associates for franchising purposes ) while negotiating a 1985 lease agreement.

The plaintiffs had been recruited by the leadership of the Topeka NAACP.

The Gebhart case was the only one where a trial court, affirmed by the Delaware Supreme Court, found that discrimination was unlawful ; in all the other cases the plaintiffs had lost as the original courts had found discrimination to be lawful.

Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.