Since there was no longer the countervailing power of the papacy and since the Church of England was a creature of the state and had become subservient to it, this meant that there was nothing to regulate the powers of the king, and he became an absolute power.

However, this overlooks those parts of scripture which provide for the doctrine of the " Two Swords " and for the medieval Roman Catholic concept of the powers of kings to protect the Christian Constitution of states, to defend and extend the boundaries of Christendom by lawful means only, to protect and defend the innocent, the weak, the poor and the vulnerable, and to protect the church and the papacy with the king's own life, if necessary.

In foreign policy Elizabeth played against each other the major powers of France and Spain, as well as the papacy and Scotland.

Politically, however, this was not a successful papacy among the secular powers of Europe.

Despite the fact that the traditionally Catholic powers did not come to the Pope's aid, the papacy rejected any substantial accommodation with the Italian Kingdom, especially any proposal which required the Pope to become an Italian subject.

In the 11th and 12th centuries, the Donation was often cited in the investiture conflicts between the papacy and the secular powers in the West.

Green points out that in Villani's writing there are two significant earthly powers that seem to be exempt or immune from this theory of immorality leading to downfall: Florence and the papacy.

In the 11th and 12th centuries it was then often cited in the conflicts between the papacy and the secular powers in the West ( see Investiture Controversy ).

The controversial Borgia Pope Alexander VI was the first pope to use the umbraculum as a symbol of the temporal powers of the papacy ( Galbreath, 31 ); royalty during those days commonly walked outdoors under a canopy.

In July 1796, Quatremere wrote a pseudo-epistolary treatise against the French plans to seize works of art from Rome, arguing that European powers should instead contribute a sum to the papacy for protecting art and knowledge.

Feeling threatened by Napoleon, who had escaped from Elba, William proclaimed himself King of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands on 16 March 1815 at the urging of the powers gathered at the Congress of Vienna.

In the four protectorates, the French formally left the local rulers in power, who were the Emperors of Vietnam, Kings of Cambodia, and Kings of Luang Prabang, but in fact gathered all powers in their hands, the local rulers acting only as figureheads.

During September and October 1995, many of the world powers ( especially the USA and Russia ), gathered in the Contact Group, applied intense pressure to the leaders of the three sides to attend the negotiations in Dayton, Ohio.

* The Federal Bureau of Investigation would be granted powers to conduct searches and surveillance based on intelligence gathered in foreign countries without first obtaining a court order.

All sources agree that the Muslim powers gathered an army that was far much larger than the Georgian force of 56, 000 men.

Although Krona's anti-energy powers were able to easily defeat both the Grandmaster and Galactus, the Grandmaster was able to use the items gathered to merge the two universes and trap Krona in their ' junction point ' long enough for the two teams to defeat him, the Grandmaster being restored to life when reality was returned to normal.

Clans held a sacred bundle, which consisted of a few gathered objects believed to hold sacred powers.

Nor were these relationships static for in later stories Jill left to study to become a nurse so that she could better assist Hardy in the veterinary side of his work, and Cat Girl lost her magic powers due to exposure to Strontium 90 radiation from atomic testing, retaining only her telepathic mastery over cats as she took on the new mortal identity of jet-set socialite Lydia Fellin whose " family fortune " was actually the vast treasure trove that she had gathered over the centuries.

The figures are always in one or more male / female pairs, with the female usually dancing behind the male, fanning him and spreading his powers into the gathered community.

The Toa gathered and, combining their powers, sealed Teridax in a protodermis prison.

Holy relics are thought to possess curative powers ( through the intercession of the saints ), colourful " patterns " ( processions ) in honour of local saints continue to this day, and in 1985 thousands gathered to pray during the moving-statues phenomenon.

Theosophists believe the civilization of Atlantis reached its peak between 1, 000, 000 and 900, 000 years ago but destroyed itself through internal warfare brought about by the inhabitants ' dangerous use of magical powers.

A board's activities are determined by the powers, duties, and responsibilities delegated to it or conferred on it by an authority outside itself.

To maintain the momentum of the perceived commercial interest in this new investment opportunity, in 1983, the Government itself granted eleven interim franchises for new broadband systems each covering a community of up to around 100, 000 homes, but the competitive franchising process was otherwise left to the new regulatory body, the Cable Authority, which took on its powers from January 1, 1985.

The council has considerable power and, according to at least one source, has unilaterally issued a constitutional declaration giving itself legislative and judicial powers to " basically decide what the law is.

The boundaries of modern Eritrea and the entire region were established during the European colonial period between Italian, British and French colonialists as well as the lone landlocked African Empire of Abyssinia which found itself surrounded and its boundaries defined by said colonial powers.

It states that for all integers n and k greater than 1, if the sum of n kth powers of positive integers is itself a kth power, then n is greater than or equal to k.

He believed that his work so far had commended itself to the best minds and also to the dominant powers in the religious world.

Sir Robert Garran noted as early as 1901 that the governor-general was distinguished from other Empire governors-general by the fact that " the principal and most important of his powers and functions, legislative as well as executive, are expressly conferred on him by the terms of the Constitution itself.

Contarini ’ s depiction of the Doge lucidly demonstrates the way in which this figure embodies both the conscious illusion of a resplendent monarchical ruler and an equally conscious demonstration of a regime that wishes to portray itself as ruled by many limiting the powers of one.

While the full powers of NPCSC to interpret the Basic Law is provided for in the Basic Law itself, some critics argues this undermines judicial independence.

He feels himself obliged to metamorphose my historical sketch of the genesis of capitalism in Western Europe into an historico-philosophic theory of the marche generale imposed by fate upon every people, whatever the historic circumstances in which it finds itself, in order that it may ultimately arrive at the form of economy which will ensure, together with the greatest expansion of the productive powers of

During World War II, IUPAC was affiliated with the allied powers, but had little involvement during the war effort itself.

That the several states composing the United States of America are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their general government ; but that, by compact, under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States, and of amendments thereto, they constituted a general government for special purposes, delegated to that government certain definite powers, reserving, each state to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self-government ; and that whensoever the general government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force ; that to this compact each state acceded as a state, and is an integral party, its co-States forming, as to itself, the other party ; that this government, created by this compact, was not made the exclusive or final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to itself, since that would have made its discretion, and not the Constitution, the measure of its powers ; but that, as in all other cases of compact among powers having no common judge, each party has an equal right to judge for itself, as well of infractions as of the mode and measure of redress.

During his two terms the Constitution was tested and found workable, strong national policies were inaugurated, and the traditions and powers of the Presidential office firmly fixed.

`` The argument that is cutting most ice is that Hearst is the only candidate who is fighting the trusts fearlessly and who would use all the powers of government to disrupt them if he were elected.

`` From time to time since the present war began there have been reports that one or more of the Axis powers were seriously contemplating use of poisonous gas or noxious gases or other inhumane devices of warfare.

But actually these accounts reveal the supernatural powers that the masters were in fact supposed to possess, as well as the extreme degree of popular credulity: `` Hwang Pah ( O Baku ), one day going up Mount Tien Tai which was believed to have been inhabited by Arhats with supernatural powers, met with a monk whose eyes emitted strange light.

Alchemy is an influential philosophical tradition whose early practitioners ' claims to profound powers were known from antiquity.

By comparing the form of several yupanas, researchers found that calculations were based using the Fibonacci sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 and powers of 10, 20 and 40 as place values for the different fields in the instrument.

There were long debates on such issues as sovereignty, the exact powers to be given the confederate government, whether to have a judiciary, and voting procedures.

There were also some troubles in Dacia Inferior which required the granting of additional powers to the procurator governor and the dispatchment of additional soldiers to the province.

W. H. Roscher thinks that both nectar and ambrosia were kinds of honey, in which case their power of conferring immortality would be due to the supposed healing and cleansing powers of honey, and because fermented honey ( mead ) preceded wine as an entheogen in the Aegean world ; on some Minoan seals, goddesses were represented with bee faces ( compare Merope and Melissa ).

Johnson attempted to make the most of the opportunities the position offered, using it as a springboard to higher honors, as the Governor's powers in the state were limited to offering mere suggestions on legislation ( with no veto power ), and managing the Bank of Tennessee and the penitentiary.

In the 5th century version of the democracy, the ten annually elected generals were often very prominent, but for those who had power, it lay primarily in their frequent speeches and in the respect accorded them in the assembly, rather than their vested powers.

The powers of officials were precisely defined and their capacity for initiative limited.

Research results obtained during that period were not shared between the Axis and the Allied powers during the war.

Special powers were also given to the captain of the plane.

The powers to review administrative decisions are usually established by statute, but were originally developed from the royal prerogative writs of English law, such as the writ of mandamus and the writ of certiorari.

After the Indian Mutiny of 1857, in 1858 the powers of the Company were transferred to the British Crown and the Governor-General of India.

Under the Treaty of Hünkar Iskelesi of 1833, the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits were to be closed on Russian demand to naval vessels of other powers.

Knowing that the slightest suspicion by the Axis powers that their ciphers were being broken, could lead to such a change, the authorities at Bletchley Park were extremely concerned about security.

By the mid 1960s, binary addressing had become the standard architecture in most computer designs, and main memory sizes were most commonly powers of two.

The Liberal Party favoured social reform, personal liberty, reducing the powers of the Crown and the Church of England ( many of them were Nonconformists ) and an extension of the electoral franchise.

They favoured social reform, personal liberty, reducing the powers of the Crown and the Church of England ( many of them were Nonconformists ), avoidance of war and foreign alliances ( which were bad for business ), and above all free trade.