It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

In 1961 the first important legislative victory of the Kennedy Administration came when the principle of national responsibility for local economic distress won out over a `` state's-responsibility '' proposal -- provision was made for payment for unemployment relief by nation-wide taxation rather than by a levy only on those states afflicted with manpower surplus.

The Rule of Law, historically a principle according everyone his `` day in court '' before an impartial tribunal, was broadened substantively by making it a responsibility of government to promote individual welfare.

His purpose, however, was not to establish an empire, but to assert the principle of divine justice.

The formal displacement of the geocentric principle far from being Copernicus' primary concern, was introduced only to resolve what seemed to him intolerable in orthodox astronomy, namely, the ' unphysical ' triplication of centric reference-points: one center from which the planet's distances were calculated, another around which planetary velocities were computed, and still a third center ( the earth ) from which the observations originated.

I fled, however, not from what might have been the natural fear of being unable to disguise from you that the things about my bridegroom -- in the sense you meant the word `` things '' -- which you had been galvanizing yourself to tell me as a painful part of your maternal duty were things which I had already insisted upon finding out for myself ( despite, I may now say, the unspeakable awkwardness of making the discovery on principle, yes, on principle, and in cold blood ) because I was resolved, as a modern woman, not to be a mollycoddle waiting for Life but to seize Life by the throat.

Once the principle was established, the increase in state-owned vehicles came rapidly.

It was indeed a remarkable feat that a man who had had no experience of bridge building should have applied the principle of the arch, which appears in his famous bridges at Portsmouth, Haverhill, and Philadelphia.

It was a matter of principle with Churchill, since Britain had declared war in behalf of Poland.

It was possible, however, to decompose the compliance into a sum of a frequency-independent component and two viscoelastic mechanisms, each compatible with the Boltzmann superposition principle and with a consistent set of time-temperature equivalence factors.

This basic principle, the first in a richly knotted bundle, was conveyed to me by Dr. Henry Lee Smith, Jr., at the University of Buffalo, where he heads the world's first department of anthropology and linguistics.

In regard to Eichmann, it was to be found in the Nazi outlook, which contained a principle separate from and far worse than anti-Semitism, a principle by which the poison of anti-Semitism itself was made more virulent.

In any case, anyone who fails to make significant distinction between primary and secondary applications of economic pressure would in principle already have justified that use of economic boycott as a means which broke out a few years ago or was skillfully organized by White Citizens' Councils in the entire state of Mississippi against every local Philco dealer in that state, in protest against a Philco-sponsored program over a national TV network on which was presented a drama showing, it seemed, a `` high yellow gal '' smooching with a white man.

The Yang, or male principle, was the source of light, heat, and dynamic vitality, associated with the Sun ; ;

while the Yin, or female principle, flourished in darkness, cold, and quiet inactivity, and was associated with the Moon.

The new `` School For Wives '' was interpreted according to a principle that is becoming increasingly common in the playing of classic comedy -- the idea of turning some obviously ludicrous figure into a tragic character.

The simple treaty principle that Gabriel was asking him to ratify, in short, was nothing less than total trust.

Furthermore, even the highly trained law clerk who was a part of Jack's total make-up could not understand how the principle could ever be codified.

A consequence of using waveforms to describe particles is that it is mathematically impossible to obtain precise values for both the position and momentum of a particle at the same time ; this became known as the uncertainty principle, formulated by Werner Heisenberg in 1926.

The widely accepted notion that the security of the system should depend on the key alone has been explicitly formulated by Auguste Kerckhoffs ( in the 1880s ) and Claude Shannon ( in the 1940s ); the statements are known as Kerckhoffs ' principle and Shannon's Maxim respectively.

The artist Abbott Handerson Thayer formulated " Thayer's Law ", the principle of countershading.

The most important example is benzene, the structure of which was formulated by Kekulé who first proposed the delocalization or resonance principle for explaining its structure.

The practical necessity that a programming language support adequate abstractions is expressed by the abstraction principle ; this principle is sometimes formulated as recommendation to the programmer to make proper use of such abstractions.

File: Pauli. jpg | Wolfgang Pauli ( 1900-1958 ): pioneers of quantum physics, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1945 ( nominated by Albert Einstein ), formulated the Pauli exclusion principle involving spin theory ( underpinning the structure of matter and the whole of chemistry ), published the Pauli – Villars regularization, formulated the Pauli equation, coined the phrase ' not even wrong '

The principle was formulated by Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1925.

As formulated in Bateman's principle, females have a greater initial investment in producing offspring ( pregnancy in mammals or the production of the egg in birds and reptiles ), and this difference in initial investment creates differences in variance in expected reproductive success and bootstraps the sexual selection processes.

String theory can be formulated in terms of an action principle, either the Nambu-Goto action or the Polyakov action, which describe how strings propagate through space and time.

While temporarily at the University of Copenhagen, German physicist Werner Heisenberg formulated his famous Uncertainty principle, and, with Max Born and Pascual Jordan, accomplished the first complete and correct definition of quantum mechanics, through the invention of Matrix mechanics.

In a similar manner, in 1840 Swiss chemist Germain Hess formulated the principle that the evolution of heat in a reaction is the same whether the process is accomplished in one-step process or in a number of stages.

He formulated such a principle, called the " categorical imperative ", which would justify an action only if it could be universalized:

The principle was formulated by Niels Bohr in 1920, though he had previously made use of it as early as 1913 in developing his model of the atom.

Novikov formulated the Novikov self-consistency principle in the mid-1980s, an important contribution to the theory of time travel.

Edmond Locard ( 1877 – 1966 ) was a pioneer in forensic science who formulated the basic principle of forensic science: " Every contact leaves a trace ".

Also in 1925, he published his famous work in intuitionistic logic — On the principle of the excluded middle, in which he proved that under a certain interpretation, all statements of classical formal logic can be formulated as those of intuitionistic logic.

In March 1926, working in Niels Bohr's institute, Werner Heisenberg formulated the principle of uncertainty thereby laying the foundation of what became known as the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics.

The Rydberg – Ritz combination principle of 1908 was also formulated in terms of wavenumbers.

Vico is best known for his verum factum principle, first formulated in 1710 as part of his De antiquissima Italorum sapientia, ex linguae latinae originibus eruenda ( 1710 ) (" The ancient knowledge in Italian population, to be search in the origin of Latin language ").

A related principle is the " Dolson Principle ," formulated by The satirist D. Dolson Dolson in his book " Rule Zero.

The principle of national treatment is formulated in Article 3 of the GATT 1947 ( and incorporated by reference in GATT 1994 ); Article 17 of the General Agreement on Trade in Services ( GATS ); and in Article 3 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ( TRIPS ).

The Court formulated the famous " one person, one vote " standard under American jurisprudence for legislative redistricting, holding that each individual had to be weighted equally in legislative apportionment ; this principle was formally enunciated in the 1964 case Reynolds v. Sims.

Ten years later, limited liability, the key provision of modern corporate law, passed into English law: in response to increasing pressure from newly emerging capital interests, Parliament passed the Limited Liability Act 1855, which established the principle that any corporation could enjoy limited legal liability on both contract and tort claims simply by registering as a " limited " company with the appropriate government agency.

Multiplying the impulse response shifted in time according to the arrival of each of these delta functions by the amplitude of each delta function, and summing these responses together ( according to the superposition principle, applicable to all linear systems ) yields the output waveform.

This response to the paradox is, in effect, the rejection of the claim that every statement has to be either true or false, also known as the principle of bivalence, a concept related to the law of the excluded middle.

* Humanitarian principles # Neutrality ( humanitarian principles ), a principle governing humanitarian response

In fact, all measures derived from classical test theory are dependent on the sample tested, while, in principle, those derived from item response theory are not.

Their paper was partly a response to Jack Drescher's 2001 paper, " Ethical issues surrounding attempts to change sexual orientation ", which used the principle of " Do no harm " to argue against conversion therapy.

Bang & Olufsen invented and patented the so-called Dolby HX ( Headroom eXtension ) Pro principle for combining bias control with the Dolby system for better high frequency response in cassette recorders.

In simultaneous equilibrium systems, phenomena that are in apparent contradiction to Le Chatelier principle can occur ; these can be resolved by the theory of response reactions.

The theremin, an electronic musical instrument, uses the heterodyne principle to produce a variable audio frequency in response to the movement of the musician's hands in the vicinity of some so called antennas, which act as capacitor plates.

In spectroscopy the term is used in a related sense to indicate that the experiment is performed with a mixture of frequencies at once and their respective response unravelled afterwards using the Fourier transform principle.

The wavelets forming a continuous wavelet transform ( CWT ) are subject to the uncertainty principle of Fourier analysis respective sampling theory: Given a signal with some event in it, one cannot assign simultaneously an exact time and frequency response scale to that event.

# Follow through ( 迫步追形 ) As an extension of the first principle, if an opponent retreats, a Wing Tsun practitioner's immediate response is to continue moving forward, not allowing the opponent to recover and have an opportunity to reconsider his strategy of attack.

* 1888 – Henri-Louis Le Chatelier states his principle that the response of a chemical system perturbed from equilibrium will be to counteract the perturbation.

However, the principle behind the Al Wefaq's boycott, that only elected MPs should have the right to legislate, was undermined when, in response to proposed changes to the family law to give women more rights, Al Wefaq stated that no one except religious leaders had the authority to amend the law because MPs could ' misinterpret the word of God.

Manipulating this natural response to damage ( known as the principle of apical dominance ) by processes such as pruning ( as well as coppicing and pollarding ) allows the Arborist to determine the shape, size and productivity of many fruiting trees and bushes.

indicating the lag in response by the time dependence of ε < sub > r </ sub >, calculated in principle from an underlying microscopic analysis, for example, of the dipole behavior in the dielectric.

As stated in the uncertainty principle, the product of the width of the frequency function and the width of the impulse response cannot be smaller than a specific constant.

In such cases it argues for a humanitarian response based on humanitarian principles, particularly the principle of humanity.

A response to Quine can be that both grue and bleen can function in principle as " natural kinds ".

Advantages of electrostatic loudspeakers include levels of distortion one to two orders of magnitude lower than conventional cone drivers in a box, the extremely light weight of the diaphragm which is driven across its whole surface, and exemplary frequency response ( both in amplitude and phase ) because the principle of generating force and pressure is almost free from resonances unlike the more common electrodynamic driver.

In response to reports of human rights atrocities during World War II, the Institute in 1942 appointed a committee of lawyers and political scientists, supposedly representing the principle cultures of the world, to compile a list of agreed-upon individual rights: an international bill of rights.

Image response ( or more correctly, image response rejection ratio, or IMRR ) is a measure of performance of a radio receiver, particularly one that operates on the super-heterodyne principle.

It operates on the principle of the Sagnac effect which shifts the nulls of the internal standing wave pattern in response to angular rotation.