These properties and ratios are used to determine the age of rocks by the method of K-Ar dating.

The electrons determine the chemical properties of an element, and strongly influence an atom's magnetic properties.

In fluorescence spectroscopy, the fluorescence anisotropy, calculated from the polarization properties of fluorescence from samples excited with plane-polarized light, is used, e. g., to determine the shape of a macromolecule.

This means that the size, charge, and other chemical properties of the atoms and molecules attempting to cross it will determine whether they succeed in doing so.

* Cone penetration test ( CPT ), an in situ testing method used to determine the geotechnical engineering properties of soils

Modern theories give weight to intuition, perceptually observed properties, comparisons of categories among persons, and the direction of investigation towards known specified ends, to determine what humanity in its present state of being needs to consider irreducible.

The electrons are placed into atomic orbitals which determine the atom's various chemical properties.

Thus, the task is to find universal properties that uniquely determine the objects of interest.

Those properties determine the major industrial application of diamond in cutting and polishing tools and the scientific applications in diamond knives and diamond anvil cells.

These two properties determine whether a given index is worth the cost.

These two properties determine whether a given index is worth the cost.

He ended the paper by calling for a " very extended study of all the various existing stocks of languages, in order to determine the most fundamental properties of language "-almost a program statement for the modern study of linguistic typology, and a very Boasian approach.

Such properties can be used to determine the best rules to use under given circumstances.

To determine the suitability of an explosive substance for a particular use, its physical properties must first be known.

Geotechnical engineering uses principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to investigate subsurface conditions and materials ; determine the relevant physical / mechanical and chemical properties of these materials ; evaluate stability of natural slopes and man-made soil deposits ; assess risks posed by site conditions ; design earthworks and structure foundations ; and monitor site conditions, earthwork and foundation construction.

Then follows a site investigation of soil, rock, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest to determine their engineering properties including how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction.

# First, analysis to determine structural properties of a network, such as the distribution of vertex degrees and the diameter of the graph.

In a study by Babyar et al., an examination of such scales helped determine the relevance, practical aspects and clinimetric properties of three specific scales existing today for lateropulsion.

:* the minimising values β < sub > j </ sub > are linear functions of the random errors ε < sub > i </ sub > which makes it relatively easy to determine the statistical properties of the estimated values of β < sub > j </ sub >.

The mirrors are given optical coatings which determine their reflective properties.

The chemical formula and the structure of a molecule are the two important factors that determine its properties, particularly its reactivity.

( The high-voltage and the properties of the cathode determine the power of a magnetron.

‪ File: Boltzmann2. jpg ‬| Ludwig Boltzmann ( 1844-1906 ): developed statistical mechanics ( how the properties of atoms – mass, charge, and structure – determine the visible properties of matter, such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion ), developed the kinetic theory of gases .‬‬‬‬‬

Dirt, which is here defined as particulate material which is usually inorganic and is very often extremely finely divided so as to exhibit colloidal properties.

The crystal lattice of solid americium and its compounds contains intrinsic defects, which are induced by self-irradiation with alpha particles and accumulate with time ; this results in a drift of some material properties.

It is a clear liquid resembling ethanol in smell and properties, with a slightly lower boiling point ( 64. 7 ° C ), and is used mainly as a solvent, fuel, and raw material.

* Annealing ( metallurgy ), a heat treatment that alters the microstructure of a material causing changes in properties such as strength, hardness, and ductility

As a general design rule, the material properties of the object need to be greater than the forces anticipated during its use.

In adhesively bonded structures, the global geometry and loads are fixed by structural considerations and the design procedure focuses on the material properties of the adhesive and on local changes on the geometry.

Determination of the exact resolution of the instrument is of limited use, as the resolution of the device is set by the physical properties of the material under analysis.

The choice of isotope ordinarily has little effect on the electrical properties of a material, but does affect the frequency of lattice vibrations, this effect suggested that superconductivity be related to vibrations of the lattice.

The crystallographic structure and mechanical properties of the fiber depend on the type of starting material, and on the subsequent processing.

This hybrid material has useful properties of both fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.

The study of condensed matter physics involves measuring various material properties via experimental probes along with using techniques of theoretical physics to develop mathematical models that help in understanding physical behavior.

Visible light has energy on the scale of 1 eV and is used as a scattering probe to measure variations in material properties such as dielectric constant and refractive index.

In experimental condensed matter physics, external magnetic fields act as thermodynamic variables that control the state, phase transitions and properties of material systems.

Quantum oscillations is another experimental technique where high magnetic fields are used to study material properties such as the geometry of the fermi surface.

In cold caves, the caver may wear a warm base layer that retains its insulating properties when wet, such as a fleece (" furry ") suit and / or polypropylene underwear, and an oversuit of hard-wearing ( e. g., cordura ) and / or waterproof ( e. g., PVC ) material.

A continuum is a body that can be continually sub-divided into infinitesimal elements with properties being those of the bulk material.

In the Lagrangian description the position and physical properties of the particles are described in terms of the material or referential coordinates and time.

An observer standing in the referential frame of reference observes the changes in the position and physical properties as the material body moves in space as time progresses.

Physical and kinematic properties, i. e. thermodynamic properties and velocity, which describe or characterize features of the material body, are expressed as continuous functions of position and time, i. e..

Each one of these classes can develop unique material properties because ceramics tend to be crystalline.

As with any natural material, such cements have highly variable properties.

As the axial load on a perfectly straight slender column with elastic material properties is increased in magnitude, this ideal column passes through three states: stable equilibrium, neutral equilibrium, and instability.

Calorimetry requires that the material being heated have known definite thermal constitutive properties.

The net change of the body's internal energy during the Carnot cycle,, is equal to zero, because the material of the working body has the special properties noted above.