Kindling also results in psychological symptoms of alcohol withdrawal becoming more intensified.

Long-term use is controversial due to concerns about adverse psychological and physical effects, increased questioning of effectiveness and because benzodiazepines are prone to cause tolerance, physical dependence, and, upon cessation of use after long term use, a withdrawal syndrome.

A slow and gradual withdrawal customised to the individual and, if indicated, psychological support is the most effective way of managing the withdrawal.

Discontinuing treatment without tapering the dose can cause psychological withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety and drug craving.

While the belief that one had control during the abuse ( past control ) is associated with greater psychological distress, the belief that one has more control during the recovery process ( present control ) is associated with less distress, less withdrawal, and more cognitive reprocessing.

Addiction is a psychological compulsion to use a drug despite harm that often persists long after all physical withdrawal symptoms have abated.

Patients may develop physical and psychological adaptations that may manifest while taking the medications and / or up on cessation that may lead to a severe withdrawal and discontinuation syndrome ( PBWS ).

When patients begin to complain and / or shown signs of tolerance, dependence, interdose withdrawal, withdrawal, or protracted withdrawal to tranquilizers such as benzodiazepines, the patient may be misdiagnosed with yet another physical or psychological classification or diagnoses.

An interesting side-note is that while physical dependence ( and withdrawal on discontinuation ) is virtually inevitable with the sustained use of certain classes of drugs, notably the opioids, psychological addiction is much less common.

" A 2008 study by Walsh and Shulman reports that psychological aggression by females is more likely to be associated with relationship dissatisfaction for both partners, while withdrawal by men is more likely to be associated with relationship dissatisfaction for both partners.

A 2008 study by Walsh and Shulman reports that relationship dissatisfaction for both partners is more likely to be associated with, in women, psychological aggression and, in men, with withdrawal.

* Craving ( withdrawal ), a psychological withdrawal symptom

A characteristic of contempt is the psychological withdrawal or distance one typically feels regarding the object of one ’ s contempt.

This form of regard constitutes a psychological withdrawal from the object of contempt.

The psychological model that discusses this is the " withdrawal model ", which assumes that absenteeism represents individual withdrawal from dissatisfying working conditions.

Eleutherococcus senticosus is also gaining popularity in use for easing withdrawal from certain types of addictions ( physical and / or psychological dependence on psychoactive substances i. e. Marijuana )

* Stimulants ( psychical addiction, moderate to severe ; withdrawal is purely psychological and psychosomatic ):

Griffiths strongly believes that caffeine withdrawal should be classified as a psychological disorder.

However, in some affected individuals, it can be associated with significant psychological stress, resulting in poor self-image and social withdrawal.

An anxiolytic ( also antipanic or antianxiety agent ) is a drug used for the treatment of anxiety and its related psychological and physical symptoms.

In addition, it is argued that the current approach based on exceeding a threshold of symptoms does not adequately take into account the context in which a person is living, and to what extent there is internal disorder of an individual versus a psychological response to adverse situations.

* Stage VI: After completion of above: Recovery of appetite (" the chucks "), and normal bowel function, beginning of transition to post-acute and chronic symptoms that are mainly psychological but that may also include increased sensitivity to pain, hypertension, colitis or other gastrointestinal afflictions related to motility, and problems with weight control in either direction.

Without intervention, the syndrome will run its course, and most of the overt physical symptoms will disappear within 7 to 10 days including psychological dependence.

Vitamin deficiencies may result in disease conditions, including goitre, scurvy, osteoporosis, impaired immune system, disorders of cell metabolism, certain forms of cancer, symptoms of premature aging, and poor psychological health ( including eating disorders ), among many others.

Further evidence for the role of psychological mechanisms comes from the effects of psychotherapies on symptoms of schizophrenia.

# Education and accurate information about Vestibulodynia: Gynaecologist-led educational seminars delivered in a group format have a significant positive impact on psychological symptoms and sexual functioning in women who suffer from Provoked ( caused by a stimulus such as touch or sexual activity ) Vestibulodynia.

Other effects can include vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes and palpitations, psychological effects such as depression, anxiety, irritability, mood swings, memory problems and lack of concentration, and atrophic effects such as vaginal dryness and urgency of urination.

The Speech and Language Therapist will assess the person for signs respiratory compromise and others symptoms of swallowing difficulty and negotiate management strategies based on balancing maintaining the persons physical safety, psychological well-being and quality of life.

This has led some experts to believe MCS symptoms are due to odor hypersensitivity or are mainly psychological.

The booklet further states symptoms that have been self-diagnosed by a patient as related to MCS could actually be related to allergies or have a psychological basis.

Since MCS sufferers seem to have symptoms only when they perceive exposure to chemicals, the syndrome is proposed to be a result of odor hypersensitivity in which individuals have an exaggerated response to scents, or psychological factors.

Their hypothesis predicts that: ( 1 ) anatomic position of endorphin production should mirror its presumed role in foetal-maternal conflict ; ( 2 ) endorphin levels should co-vary positively with nutrient carrying capacity of maternal blood system ; ( 3 ) postpartum psychological symptoms ( such as postpartum blues, depression, and psychosis ) in humans are side-effects of this mechanism that can be interpreted as endorphin-deprivation symptoms ; ( 4 ) shortly after parturition, placentophagy could play an adaptive role in decreasing the negative side-effects of foetal manipulation ; ( 5 ) later, breast-feeding-induced endorphin excretion of the maternal pituitary saves mother from further deprivation symptoms.

In the same way, someone with psychological issues such as depression or anxiety will sometimes experience physical manifestations of these affective fluctuations, often in the form of medically unexplained symptoms.

Additionally, certain culture-bound syndromes such as " ataques de nervios " (" attacks of nerves ") identified in Hispanic populations, and popularized by the Almodóvar film Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, exemplify psychiatric phenomena that encompass both somatoform and dissociative symptoms and that have been linked to psychological trauma.

* Amplification ( psychology ) in which physical symptoms are affected by psychological state

The symptoms of Narcissistic personality disorder can be similar to the traits of individuals with strong self-esteem and confidence ; differentiation occurs when the underlying psychological structures of these traits are considered pathological.

Various medical and psychological explanations for the observed symptoms have been explored by researchers, including psychological hysteria in response to Indian attacks, convulsive ergotism caused by eating rye bread made from grain infected by the fungus Claviceps purpurea ( a natural substance from which LSD is derived ), an epidemic of bird-borne encephalitis lethargica, and sleep paralysis to explain the nocturnal attacks alleged by some of the accusers.

Adults with Williams syndrome are typically limited in their ability to live independently or work in competitive employment settings, but this developmental impairment is attributed more to psychological symptoms than physiological problems.

Whatever the psychological truth in the Oedipus myth, an Oedipus who is drawn to his fate by irresistible external forces can carry the symbol of humanity and its archaic crime, and the incest that is unknowing renews the mystery of the eternal dream of childhood and absorbs us in the secret.

And dancing school, so helpful in artistic and psychological development, also contributes to this essential early training -- and can contribute even more.

Progress is impeded by psychological inhibitions to effective action among those in power and by a failure on their part to understand how local resources, human and material, can be mobilized to achieve the national goals of modernization already symbolically accepted.

Adventurous experiences create psychological and physiological arousal, which can be interpreted as negative ( e. g. fear ) or positive ( e. g. flow ), and which can be detrimental as stated by the Yerkes-Dodson law.

The root meaning of the word anxiety is ' to vex or trouble '; in either presence or absence of psychological stress, anxiety can create feelings of fear, worry, uneasiness, and dread.

Excessive alcohol use causes damage to brain function, and psychological health can be increasingly affected over time.

On some occasions a patient with a brain AVM may become aware of the noise, which can compromise hearing and interfere with sleep in addition to causing psychological distress.

De Palma's films can fall into two categories, his psychological thrillers ( Sisters, Obsession, Dressed to Kill, Blow Out, Raising Cain ) and his other commercial films ( Scarface, The Untouchables, Carlito's Way, and Mission: Impossible ).

Another element of horse mounted warfare is the psychological impact a mounted soldier can inflict on an opponent.

* Cognitivism ( psychology ), a psychological approach to understanding the mind which argues that mental function can be understood as the ' internal ' manipulation of symbols.

In " The Human Zoo ", Morris postulates that human society has moved from small scattered tribes to highly compressed urban civilization and that this trend has placed growing psychological and sociological pressure on humans which leads to both a greater chance for mankind to understand himself but also leads to irrational and unnatural human behavior which can manifest itself into severe psychological problems.

* Suffering of old age: the discomfort involved in the process of aging and growing old ; this can apply to psychological as well as physical discomfort of aging.

He slowed down his actions, such as the decision whether to jump or not, you can see the decision in his face, a psychological dissection for the audience.

It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people can only act in their self-interest.

Externalists think that factors deemed " external ", meaning outside of the psychological states of those who gain knowledge, can be conditions of knowledge.

Psychologists have also not been successful in showing how from induction or psychological processes we can justify the absolute certainty of logical principles, such as the principles of identity and non-contradiction.

No psychological process can explain the a priori objectivity of these logical truths.

Contemporary depictions of earthquakes in film are variable in the manner in which they reflect human psychological reactions to the actual trauma that can be caused to directly afflicted families and their loved ones.

This is desirable according to philosopher John Ralston Saul who claims that a state of " permanent psychological discomfort " can serve as a prerequisite to, or even as equivalent to, consciousness itself.

Deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances in diet can produce negative impacts on health, which may lead to various health problems such as scurvy, obesity, or osteoporosis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases as well as psychological and behavioral problems.

There can be both a moral and psychological scope to the work, as well as entertainment value, depending upon the nature of the teller, the style of the telling, the ages of the audience members, and the overall context of the performance.