Each tone is 8 ms long, resulting in a transmitted over-the-air symbol rate of 125 baud or 125 symbols per second, with a raw data rate of 375 bits per second.

It can be a raw bitstream, but it is usually a container format or an audio data format with defined storage layer.

A codec performs the encoding and decoding of the raw audio data while the data itself is stored in a file with a specific audio file format.

* raw – a raw file can contain audio in any format but is usually used with PCM audio data.

This in turn is decoded by reversing the eight-to-fourteen modulation used in mastering the disc, and then reversing the Cross-Interleaved Reed-Solomon Coding, finally revealing the raw data stored on the disc.

The fine-scale structure is superimposed on the raw CMBR data but is too small to be seen at the scale of the raw data.

The staging layer or staging database stores raw data extracted from each of the disparate source data systems.

* Compressible: According to Miller, " Uncompressed digital data is very large, and in its raw form would actually produce a larger signal ( therefore be more difficult to transfer ) than analog data.

It may also be the responsibility of the DIT to archive and manage the digital data, create compressed dailies from raw footage and prepare all digital images for post-production.

He said the leaked e-mails showed that the " surface temperature data that IPCC relies on is based on distorted raw data and algorithms that they will not share with the science community.

The first wireless products were brought to the market under the name WaveLAN with raw data rates of 1 Mbit / s and 2 Mbit / s.

802. 11b has a maximum raw data rate of 11 Mbit / s and uses the same media access method defined in the original standard.

* 802. 3 ( raw ) is used in legacy systems and involves IPX data starting immediately after 802. 3 frame header.

* Index mapping, mapping of raw data, used directly as in array index, for an array

More generally, lossy compression can be thought of as an application of transform coding – in the case of multimedia data, perceptual coding: it transforms the raw data to a domain that more accurately reflects the information content.

While data reduction ( compression, be it lossy or lossless ) is a main goal of transform coding, it also allows other goals: one may represent data more accurately for the original amount of space – for example, in principle, if one starts with an analog or high-resolution digital master, an MP3 file of a given size should provide a better representation than a raw uncompressed audio in WAV or AIFF file of the same size.

The increasing raw scores appear on every major test, in every age range and in every modern industrialized country although not necessarily at the same rate as in the US using the WISC.

Universal Time ( UT ), a term introduced in 1928, initially represented mean time at Greenwich determined in the traditional way to accord with the originally-defined universal day ; then from 1 January 1956 ( as decided by the IAU at Dublin, 1955, at the initiative of William Markowitz ) this " raw " form of UT was re-labeled UT0 and effectively superseded by refined forms UT1 ( UT0 equalized for the effects of polar wandering ) and UT2 ( UT1 further equalized for annual seasonal variations in earth rotation rate ).

A maquiladora manufacturer operates by importing raw materials into Mexico either tariff free ( NAFTA ) or at a reduced rate on a temporary basis ( 18 months ) and then using Mexico's relatively less expensive labor costs to produce finished goods for export.

The US, prior to NAFTA, allowed Maquiladora manufactured goods to be imported into the US with the tariff rate only being applied to the value of non US raw materials used to produce the good, thus reducing the tariff relative to other countries.

( A typical basic rate interface with a 160 kbit / s raw data rate operates at 120 kbaud.

* basic conditions: consumer demand, production, elasticity of demand, technology, substitutes, raw materials, seasonality, unionization, rate of growth, product durability, location, lumpiness of orders, scale of economies, method of purchase, scope economies

Some amount of spatial and temporal downsampling may also be used to reduce the raw data rate before the basic encoding process.

For example, pine, spruce and eucalyptus are widely planted far beyond their natural range because of their fast growth rate, tolerance of rich or degraded agricultural land and potential to produce large volumes of raw material for industrial use.

For the Apple implementation this meant 7 bits times 6 links at 50 million times a second, for a raw data rate of 2. 1 Gbit / s.

Since according to Marx the source of capitalist profit is this surplus labor of the workers, and since in this theory only new, living labor produces profit, it would appear to be logical that enterprises with a low organic composition ( a higher proportion of capital spent on new living labor ) would have a higher rate of profit than enterprises with a high organic composition ( a higher proportion of capital spent on raw materials and means of production ).

" The Underwood Tariff in 1913 provided substantial rate reductions on imported raw materials and foodstuffs, cotton and woolen goods, iron and steel, and removed the duties from more than a hundred other items.

In digital communication systems, the physical layer gross bitrate, raw bitrate, data signaling rate, gross data transfer rate or uncoded transmission rate ( sometimes written as a variable R < sub > b </ sub > or f < sub > b </ sub >) is the total number of physically transferred bits per second over a communication link, including useful data as well as protocol overhead.

The DD-39 and DD-49 hard drives made by Ibis with a raw transfer rate of 13. 3 MB / s each stored 1. 2 GB ( blocked and formatted ) with 5. 9 MB / s and 9. 8 MB / s transfer rates ( unstriped ), respectively.

The same information provided by runs created can be expressed as a rate stat, rather than a raw number of runs contributed.

Has an extremely high metabolic rate and thus a voracious appetite for raw meat.

The key targets set at the central level were overall rate of growth of the economy, volume and structure of the domestic product and its uses, use of raw materials and labor and their distribution by sector and region, and volume and structure of exports and imports.

He objected to that law's provisions, which taxed some imported raw materials at a higher rate than the imported manufactured goods made from those materials, stating in a report to Congress that such provisions certainly take from the manufacturer and artisan that encouragement which the present law was intended to afford.

In the late 1960s, the U. S. saw " over-investment relative to supply ," in which abundant accumulation pulls up wages and raw material costs, depressing the rate of profit on the supply side.

If the raw population figures are crucially relevant, then it is idle to think of liberation, as idle as to suppose that Poland might liberate Russia.

He is appreciative of the expert help available to him and draws these resources into play, taking care to examine at least some of the raw material which underlies their frequently policy-oriented conclusions.

If we sit here reading editorials and looking at public-opinion polls and other reports that cross our desks, we should realize that this is raw, undigested opinion expressed in the absence of leadership.

This and raw sugar replace ordinary refined sugar on the tables and very little sugar is used in cooking.

Argon constitutes 0. 934 % by volume and 1. 28 % by mass of the Earth's atmosphere, and air is the primary raw material used by industry to produce purified argon products.

It is a clear flammable liquid that boils at 78. 4 ° C, which is used as an industrial solvent, car fuel, and raw material in the chemical industry.

It is a clear liquid resembling ethanol in smell and properties, with a slightly lower boiling point ( 64. 7 ° C ), and is used mainly as a solvent, fuel, and raw material.

The flesh of abalones is widely considered to be a desirable food, and is consumed raw or cooked in a variety of different dishes.

Thus, the Kolmogorov complexity of the raw file encoding this bitmap is much less than 1. 62 million.

It is not at all uncommon to find raw fish listed next to tortillas on the same menu.

Alternatively they can be organized by whether the raw stock is of natural, or synthetic origin, or by their starting physical phase.

In the event of heavy precipitation, the load on the sewage treatment plant at the end of the pipe becomes too great to handle and raw sewage is dumped into holding tanks, and sometimes into surface water.

On that Mississippi riverine system today, including that of other sheltered waterways, industrial barge trafficking in bulk raw materials such as coal, coke, timber, iron ore and other minerals is extremely common in the developed world using huge cargo barges that connect in groups and trains-of-barges in ways which allow cargo volumes and weights which would astonish pioneers of modern barge systems and methods in the Victorian era.

A recommended method is to boil the beans for at least ten minutes ; undercooked beans may be more toxic than raw beans.

Monetary balance of trade is different from physical balance of trade ( which is expressed in amount of raw materials, known also as Total Material Consumption ).

Canada is a developed country whose economy includes the extraction and export of raw materials from its large area.

Washing and sanitizing cutting boards is highly recommended, especially after use with raw meat, poultry, or seafood.