Abd al-Rahman's alleged favorite son was his choice for successor, and would later be known as Hisham I. Abd ar-Rahman's progeny would continue to rule al-Andalus in the name of the house of Umayya for several generations, with the zenith of their power coming during the reign of Abd al-Rahman III.

After the reign of Augustus ' immediate successor Tiberius, being proclaimed imperator was transformed into the act of accession to the head of state.

He spent the last years of his reign in endeavours to secure a Catholic successor, thinking by this step to check the dissemination of Lutheran opinions.

In the reign of Philip's developmentally disabled son and successor Charles II ( 1665 – 1700 ), Spain was essentially left leaderless and was gradually being reduced to a second-rank power.

His successor, Cleph, was also assassinated, after a ruthless reign of 18 months.

The Lombard reign began to recover only with Liutprand the Lombard ( king from 712 ), son of Ansprand and successor of the brutal Aripert II.

One of John XXI's few acts during his brief reign was the reversal of a decree recently passed at the Second Council of Lyon ( 1274 ) that not only confined cardinals in solitude until they elected a successor Pope, but also progressively restricted their supplies of food and wine if their deliberations took too long.

The oldest existing part of the Palace ( Westminster Hall ) dates from the reign of William I's successor, King William II.

He was chosen successor of Pope Sixtus V ( 1585 – 1590 ) on 15 September 1590, but died of malaria ( 27 September 1590 ) before coronation, making his the shortest papal reign in history.

Meanwhile, in the south of Egypt, there was a long-standing revolt that had begun during the reign of Ptolemy IV, led by Horwennefer and by his successor Ankhwennefer.

The reign of his son and successor Seleucus IV Philopator ( 187-175 BC ) was largely spent in attempts to pay the large indemnity, and Seleucus was ultimately assassinated by his minister Heliodorus.

In the last years of Theodosius ' reign, one of the emerging leaders of the Goths, named Alaric, participated in Theodosius ' campaign against Eugenius in 394, only to resume his rebellious behavior against Theodosius ' son and eastern successor, Arcadius, shortly after Theodosius ' death.

During the reign of his successor Æthelwulf, a Danish army arrived in the Thames estuary but was decisively defeated.

His successor, the Hongxi Emperor ( reigned 1424 – 1425 ), decided to stop the voyages during his short reign.

The peaceful reign of Aldfrith, Ecgfrith's half-brother and successor, did something to limit the damage done, but it is from this point that Northumbria's power began to decline, and chronic instability followed Aldfrith's death in 704.

St Evaristus succeeded St Clement in the See of Rome during the reign of Trajan and governed the Church for about eight years, as the fourth successor of St. Peter.

He is the first of only five monarchs to reign in the Kingdom of England or its successor states for 50 years or more, the others being Edward III ( 1327 – 1377 ), George III ( 1760 – 1820 ), Victoria ( 1837 – 1901 ) and Elizabeth II ( 1952 – present ).

In the reign of Amenhotep III's successor, Amenhotep IV, the Aten became the central god of Egyptian state religion, and Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaten to reflect his close link with the new supreme deity.

Egyptian power in Canaan thus suffered a major setback when the Hittites ( or Hatti ) advanced into Syria in the reign of Amenhotep III, and became even more threatening in that of his successor, displacing the Amorites and prompting a resumption of Semitic migration.

Although his successor had been deposed, Nepos never returned to Italy ; however the " Emperor of the West " continued to reign from Dalmatia, and he still enjoyed the support of Constantinople.

During the reign of Glele, his successor ( 1858 – 89 ), the territory was ceded to France by a treaty signed on May 19, 1868.

Sociologist Shayne Lee commented that, " s Janet enters the twilight of her reign as erotic Queen of Pop, Beyoncé Knowles emerges as her likely successor.

The Bablyonian Chronicles allow the fairly precise dating of the capture of Jehoiachin and the start of Zedekiah's reign, and they also give the accession year of Nebuchadnezzar's successor Amel-Marduk ( Evil Merodach ) as 562 / 561 BC, which was the 37th year of Jehoiachin's captivity according to 2 Kings 25: 27.

This date is consistent with the statement that Jotham of Judah began to reign in Pekah's second year, 750 BC (), and that Jotham's successor Ahaz began to reign in his 17th year, 735 BC ().

The Cantigas de Santa Maria (" Canticles of Holy Mary ";, ) are 420 poems with musical notation, written in Galician-Portuguese during the reign of Alfonso X El Sabio ( 1221 – 1284 ) and often attributed to him.

Under his reign Michelangelo re-built the basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli ( in the Diocletian's Baths ) and the eponymous Villa Pia, now known as Casina Pio IV and headquarters of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, was designed by Pirro Ligorio in the Vatican Gardens.

* For a brief time ( 1748 – 1767 ) during the reign of Empress Maria Theresa ( reigned 1740 – 1780 ), approximately 250 to 450 soldiers from Switzerland guarded the Hofburg, the winter palace in Vienna.

On February 1, Maria Theresa sent Francis a letter: she would withdraw from her future reign, when a male successor for her father appeared.

João Maria José Francisco Xavier de Paula Luís António Domingos Rafael was born, during the reign of his grandfather, Joseph I of Portugal, the second son of the future Queen Maria I and her husband ( who was also her uncle ), the future King Peter III.

His father Dmitry Nabokov ( 1827 – 1904 ) was a Justice Minister in the reign of Alexander II from 1878 to 1885, and his mother Maria von Korff ( 1842 – 1926 ) was a Baroness from a prominent Baltic German family in Courland.

Manuel Maria Filipe Carlos Amélio Luís Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Eugénio de Bragança was born in the last year of the reign of his grandfather, King Luís I ; he was the third child, and last son, born to Carlos I of Portugal and Amélie of Orleans in the Palace of Belém, Lisbon, seven months before his father ascended the Portuguese throne.

Maria da Glória resumed her interrupted reign as Maria II of Portugal.

Margherita of Savoy ( Margherita Maria Teresa Giovanna ; 20 November 1851 – 4 January 1926 ), was the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Italy during the reign ( 1878 – 1900 ) of her husband, Umberto I.

During the first few years of his reign as George IV, he turned violently against Maria and several of his former associates.

Ferrary's mother, the Duchess of Gallièra, born Maria de Brignole-Sale, was the great niece of the Princess of Monaco and daughter of the Marquis Antoine de Brignoly-Sale, ambassador of the King of Sardaigne in Paris, under the Restoration and during the reign of Louis-Philippe.

Maria Coventry, Countess of Coventry ( 1733 – 30 September 1760 ) was a famous London beauty and society hostess during the reign of King George II.

Constantine IX ’ s preferential treatment of Maria Skleraina in the early part of his reign saw rumours spread that she was planning to murder both Zoe and Theodora.

Maria is a greatly admired figure in both Brazil in Portugal, due to the tremendous changes and events that took place during her reign.

During his reign of terror, Maria traveled to many European courts, including her grandfather's in Vienna, as well as London and Paris.

Charles VI spent the time of his reign preparing Europe for a female ruler, but he did not prepare his daughter, Maria Theresa.

Charles VII spent most of his three-year reign as Emperor residing in Frankfurt while Maria Theresa battled Prussia for her patrimony in Bohemia and Hungary.

Cosimo II's twelve year reign was punctuated by his contented marriage with Maria Maddalena and his patronage of the revolutionary astronomer Galileo Galilei, whose ideas landed him in trouble with the Pope.

In the reign of Charles I, even Queen Henrietta Maria was in the Blackfriars audience.

Although it was Maria II to whom the ruling power belonged, the royal couple formed a good team and together resolved many problems in Maria II's reign.

During the reign of Maria Theresa, Chrudim became the centre of the region and, in 1751, the seat of regional offices.