Shahu, who also appointed Baji Rao's son as Peshwa in 1740, gave considerable authority to the Peshwas to command the Maratha armies, and they responded well during his reigns.

His works found favour with female monarchs of his time, so he retained this post throughout the reigns of Empresses Anna ( 1730 – 1740 ) and Elizabeth ( 1741 – 1762 ).

* Chronology: the reigns of Abdur Rahman Khan and Habibullah, 1881 – 1919

The medieval Croatian kingdom reached its peak in the 11th century during the reigns of Petar Krešimir IV ( 1058 – 1074 ) and Dmitar Zvonimir ( 1075 – 1089 ).

The Giza pyramid complex, which includes among other structures the pyramids of Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure, is surrounded by a cyclopean stone wall, the Wall of the Crow, and outside of which Mark Lehner has discovered a worker's town, otherwise known as " The Lost City ", dated by pottery styles, seal impressions, and stratigraphy to have been constructed and occupied sometime during the reigns of Khafre ( 2520 – 2494 BC ) and Menkaure ( 2490 – 2472 BC ).

Despite the arguably greater architectural inventiveness of Borromini and Cortona, Bernini's artistic pre-eminence, particularly during the reigns of popes Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ) and Alexander VII ( 1655 – 1665 ), meant he was able to secure the most important commission in the Rome of his day, St. Peter's Basilica.

In fact, during the reigns of the final three joint rulers ( 1760 – 1837 ), there was only one short visit, by George IV in 1821.

* 1799 – Tekle Giyorgis I begins his first of five reigns as Emperor of Ethiopia.

* 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria who reigns as regent and proclaimed herself empress ( Augusta ) of the Eastern Roman Empire.

The reigns of the last three Stuart Kings – Charles I, Charles II and James II and VII – were marked by growing Royal resistance to this developing consensual model of government.

Lancelot Andrewes ( 1555 – 25 September 1626 ) was an English bishop and scholar, who held high positions in the Church of England during the reigns of Queen Elizabeth I and King James I.

Duchesne and others believe that the author of the first addition to the Liber Pontificalis was a contemporary of Pope Silverius ( 536 – 537 ), and that the author of another ( not necessarily the second ) addition was a contemporary of Pope Conon ( 686 – 687 ), with later popes being added individually and during their reigns or shortly after their deaths.

During the reigns of Umar ( 634-44 CE ) and Uthman ibn Affan ( 644 – 56 ) concerns of flooding caused the caliphs to bring in Christian engineers to build barrages in the low-lying quarters and construct dykes and embankments to protect the area round the Kaaba.

Following the reigns of Marinus, Pope Hadrian III ( 884 – 885 ) and Pope Stephen V ( 885 – 891 ), Formosus was elected Pope on 6 October 891.

The reigns of Vladimir the Great ( 980 – 1015 ) and his son Yaroslav the Wise ( 1019 – 1054 ) constitute the Golden Age of Kiev, which saw the acceptance of Orthodox Christianity from Byzantium and the creation of the first East Slavic written legal code, the Russkaya Pravda.

Sharia continued to undergo fundamental changes, beginning with the reigns of caliphs Abu Bakr ( 632 – 34 ) and Umar ( 634 – 44 ), during which time many questions were brought to the attention of Muhammad's closest comrades for consultation.

However, it was during the later reigns of King Mongkut ( 1804 – 1868 ), and his son King Chulalongkorn ( 1853 – 1910 ), that Thailand established firm rapprochement with Western powers.

Thomas Cranmer ( 2 July 1489 – 21 March 1556 ) was a leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and, for a short time, Mary I.

After the short reigns of Elizabeth's half-siblings, her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity.

Repeated occasions of dynastic strife in Georgia combined with the efforts of regional successors of the Great Seljuq Empire, such as the Ildenizid atabegs of Azerbaijan, Shirvanshahs, and the Ahlatshahs, had slowed down the dynamic of the Georgians achieved during the reigns of Tamar's great-grandfather, David IV, and her father, George III.

According to historian Robert Nisbet Bain, it was one of Elizabeth ’ s “ chief glories that, so far as she was able, she put a stop to that mischievous contention of rival ambitions at Court, which had disgraced the reigns of Peter II, Anne and Ivan VI, and enabled foreign powers to freely interfere in the domestic affairs of Russia .” She was also deeply religious, passing several pieces of legislation that undid much of the work her father had done to limit the power of the church.

Having inherited a virtually bankrupt state from previous reigns, her frugal policies restored fiscal responsibility.

She was also portrayed by Brenda Bruce in the 1978 BBC TV series The Devil's Crown, which dramatised the reigns of her son and grandsons.

Ahhotep I, lauded as a warrior queen, may have been a regent between the reigns of two of her sons, Kamose and Ahmose I, at the end of the seventeenth dynasty and the beginning of Hatshepsut's own eighteenth dynasty.

With short reigns, Hatshepsut would have ascended the throne fourteen years after the coronation of Tuthmosis I, her father.

Longer reigns would put her ascension twenty-five years after Tuthmosis I's coronation.

During the reigns of Joan herself, and her three sons ( 1284 – 1328 ), these lands belonged to the person of the king ; but by 1328 they had become so entrenched in the royal domain that king Philip VI of France ( who was not an heir of Joan ) switched lands with the then rightful heiress, Joan II of Navarre, with the effect that Champagne and Brie remained part of the royal demesne and Joan received compensation with lands in western Normandy.

He was the son of al-Mahdi, the third Abbasid caliph ( ruled 775 – 785 ), and al-Khayzuran, a former slave girl from Yemen and a woman of strong personality who greatly influenced affairs of state in the reigns of her husband and sons.

Tiye wielded a great deal of power during both her husband ’ s and son ’ s reigns.

She was born in Gotha, Thuringia, in Germany, during the reigns of her maternal grandfather Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and her grand-uncle King Carol I of Romania.

The present Queen, Alliandre, is the fourth monarch in six months ; her two immediate predecessors ended their reigns after being defeated by Masema's followers, one by suspected suicide, the other by abdication.

She wielded significant influence in the Qing imperial court during the reigns of her son and grandson.

Following her death, and during the reigns of Matilda and Stephen and the anarchy that ensued, the earldom was the subject of dispute between Maud's sons Simon II and Henry the prince, and was held by both at various times.

( Sung reigns in her sister's place )

In the New Kingdom, women gained influence in court, and Tiye soon helped run affairs of state for both her husband and son during their reigns.

Died the day after her 81st birthday, having survived her husband by 38 years and two reigns.

Li Jiao ( 李嶠 ), courtesy name Jushan ( 巨山 ), formally the Duke of Zhao ( 趙公 ), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian, her sons Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong, and her grandson Emperor Shang.

Additionally, the WWF also recognized Moolah's reign at the time as a continuation of her first NWA World Women's Championship reign, which occurred in 1956, resulting in the promotion not recognizing other reigns that occurred during the title's existence in the NWA.

After her father's death, and the short reigns of Smenkhkare, and Neferneferuaten, she became the wife of Tutankhamun.

Domestic affairs were handled by his able vizier, Nizam al-Mulk, the founder of the administrative organization which characterized and strengthened the sultanate during the reigns of Alp Arslan and his son, Malik Shah.

However, it was edited by his son, Prince Toneri, and the work was written during the reigns of his wife and children, causing one to suspect its accuracy and impartiality.

It was at that point that Kanem's son, Umar, became king, thus ending one of the longest dynastic reigns in regional history.

They argue that while the biblical text acknowledges that Omri built his new capital Samaria, the text may have omitted possible widespread public construction both Omri and his son Ahab commissioned during their reigns.

* June 28 – Edward, Richard of York's son, is crowned as Edward IV, King of England ( reigns until 1483 ).

Between the strong reigns of his father Edward I and son Edward III, the reign of Edward II was considered by some to be disastrous for England, marked by alleged incompetence, political squabbling and military defeats.

Geoffrey was portrayed by actor Bruce Purchase in the 1978 BBC TV series The Devil's Crown, which dramatised the reigns of his son and grandsons in England.

At first Pyrrhus reigns with a kinsman, Neoptolemus II of Epirus ( who is a son of Cleopatra of Macedonia and a nephew of Alexander the Great ), but soon he has him assassinated.

His eldest surviving son, Philip ( 1621 – 1669 ), became 5th Earl of Pembroke, and 2nd Earl of Montgomery ; he was twice married, and was succeeded in turn by three of his sons, of whom Thomas, the 8th Earl ( c. 1656 – 1733 ), was a person of note during the reigns of William III and Anne.

Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick ( 25 February 1475 – 28 November 1499 ) was the son of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, and a potential claimant to the English throne during the reigns of both Richard III ( 1483 – 1485 ) and his successor, Henry VII ( 1485 – 1509 ).

His son by Ethelreda, William fitz Duncan, was a prominent figure during the reigns of Duncan's half-brothers Alexander and David.

The kings of Bernicia were thereafter supreme in that kingdom, although Deira had its own sub-kings at times during the reigns of Oswiu and his son Ecgfrith.

A number of Roman altars have been discovered dating to the reigns of Antoninus Pius ( 138 to 161 ), and Septimius Severus and his son Caracalla ( 211 to 217 ).

The family's power reached its peak under his son William during the reigns of King Richard I and King John.

William died after 1179 and was succeeded by his son, William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber, who gained the favour of both King Richard I and King John and became a dominant force in the Welsh Marches during their reigns.

In 1158 he abdicated to his son Nijō and became cloistered emperor, through the reigns of five emperors ( Emperor Nijō, Emperor Rokujō, Emperor Takakura, Emperor Antoku, and Emperor Go-Toba ) until his death in 1192.

* 1084 – 1113: In Myanmar, Pagan's second king, Kyanzittha ( son of Anawrahta ), reigns.

* 1113: Alaungsithu reigns in Pagan, Myanmar until his son Narathu smothers him to death and assumes the throne.

Chanthaphanit and his son had long reigns, during which the town became known by the Tai name Xieng Dong Xieng Thong.

Chanthaphanit and his son had long reigns, during which the town became known by the Thai name Xieng Dong Xieng Thong.