In adhesively bonded structures, the global geometry and loads are fixed by structural considerations and the design procedure focuses on the material properties of the adhesive and on local changes on the geometry.

However, a tall building brings a lot of difficulties to structural and building services design, for example, excessive system static pressure for water systems, high line voltage drop and long distance of vertical transportation.

With a briefing in a limited detail, the structural engineer needed to start work The diaphragm wall design allowed for the basement to be constructed by the top-down method.

The book includes all needed surveying and structural calculations, and a novel simplified building system that copes with regional shortages of wood and steel, uses easily-stored inexpensive materials, and produces long-lasting classic buildings with small amounts of materials, design and labor.

Flat-top or steel-string guitars are similar to the classical guitar, however, within the varied sizes of the steel-stringed guitar the body size is usually significantly larger than a classical guitar, and has a narrower, reinforced neck and stronger structural design.

More recently builders have begun to collaborate with structural engineers who use computers and finite element analysis to design prefabricated steel-framed homes with known resistance to high wind-loads and seismic forces.

Among the 52 security improvements were physical barriers, closed-circuit television monitoring, site planning and access, hardening of building exteriors to increase blast resistance, glazing systems to reduce flying glass shards and fatalities, and structural engineering design to prevent progressive collapse.

Achievable mass ratios are highly dependent on many factors such as propellant type, the design of engine the vehicle uses, structural safety margins and construction techniques.

This load is typically the governing design factor on roofs and structural elements exposed to the effects of snow.

In order to prevent damage during structural testing, qualification tests were performed to a factor of safety of 1. 2 times the design limit loads.

There are several variations of the tubular design ; these structural systems are fundamental to tall building design today.

It can be determined that the vertical stabilizer's structural performance was consistent with design specifications and exceeded certification requirements.

Drug design in the pharmaceutical industry is largely based on the structural basis of the interactions of drugs pioneered by Perutz in the 1980s.

These buildings featured an innovative structural design that freed the interiors from support columns in order to allow future alterations of their floor plans.

Structural engineers are most commonly involved in the design of buildings and large nonbuilding structures but they can also be involved in the design of machinery, medical equipment, vehicles or any item where structural integrity affects the item's function or safety.

Structural engineering design utilizes a number of simple structural elements to build complex structural systems.

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Somewhat newer restaurants kept the basic structural design and theme, but eliminated most of the interior features.

Although this was an oft-used layout throughout the 1920s and 30s, it was superseded soon enough, by improvements in structural design that made monoplane designs more practicable.

Pressurization presents design and construction challenges to maintain the structural integrity and sealing of the cabin and hull and to prevent rapid decompression.

Fazlur Khan, another engineer at SOM, is considered " the greatest structural engineer of the second half of the 20th century "; he is best known for his design and construction of the Willis Tower ( formerly the Sears Tower ), and John Hancock Center and for his designs of structural systems that remain fundamental to all high-rise skyscrapers.

They are, however susceptible to structural degradation from sunlight and extremes in temperature over their lifespan.

Snorri ’ s own usage, however, seems to fit the looser sense: “ Snorri uses the term " kenning " to refer to a structural device, whereby a person or object is indicated by a periphrastic description containing two or more terms ( which can be a noun with one or more dependent genitives or a compound noun or a combination of these two structures )” ( Faulkes ( 1998 a ), p. xxxiv ).

A segment however may also be inserted randomly into the gene in order to assess the structural or functional significance of particular part of protein.

A common misconception is that peptidoglycan gives the cell its shape ; however, whereas peptidoglycan helps maintain the structural strength of the cell, it is actually the MreB protein that facilitates cell shape.

Some anthropological theorists, however, while finding considerable fault with Lévi-Strauss's version of structuralism, did not turn away from a fundamental structural basis for human culture.

In general, single-crystal X-ray diffraction offers more structural information than these other techniques ; however, it requires a sufficiently large and regular crystal, which is not always available.

Proline acts as a structural disruptor in the middle of regular secondary structure elements such as alpha helices and beta sheets ; however, proline is commonly found as the first residue of an alpha helix and also in the edge strands of beta sheets.

The actual cause for the change lies, however, in two structural features of this new era.

Given the structural similarities between bacterial flagella and bacterial secretory systems, it is thought that bacterial flagella may have evolved from the type three secretion system ; however, it is not known for certain whether these pores are derived from the bacterial flagella or the bacterial secretory system.

This approach to ethnography, however, still lacked an attention to environmental effects on political and economic processes and is still sometimes criticized for looking to structural explanations for cultural phenomena ( Perry 2003: 123 ).

He knew, however, that " there were a million issues to consider " when translating, since the book relies not only on word-play but " structural puns " as well — writing where the form and content of the work mirror each other ( such as the " Crab Canon " dialogue, which reads almost exactly the same forwards as backwards ).

The structural beauty of the Gothic arch means, however, that no set proportion had to be rigidly maintained.

After Yoshimitsu however, the structural weakness of the Ashikaga bakufu were exposed by numerous succession troubles and early deaths.

His works were mainly decorative, however, rather than structural, so that rain and damp obscured his changes within just a few years.

These methods can be used for two or more sequences and typically produce local alignments ; however, because they depend on the availability of structural information, they can only be used for sequences whose corresponding structures are known ( usually through X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy ).

This, however, does not deter critics of the system, who point to its relative newness, the rapid collapse of prior orders of much greater duration, the effects of modern communications on class consciousness, and a general perceived inadequacy of its ability to deal with various crises of its own making and other long term structural problems.

Beyond the well-known structural legacies of the Pythagorean scale, and the related mathematical developments it upheld to define western classical music, relatively little is understood about the precise character of music during this period ; we do know, however, that it left, as so often, a strong mark on the culture of Rome.

In " the work of European writers which treat iwi and hapū as parts of a hierarchical structure ", it has been used to mean " tribe ", or confederation of tribes, however " peoples " is considered a " better gloss " because " it avoids the structural connotations " of the tribal terms.

The market imperfections they had in mind were, however, structural imperfections in markets for final products.

The HA, however, suffered severely from corrosion problems along with other Vauxhall models of the time and very few of this model remain-one of the main problem areas being the cappings along the top side edges of the luggage compartment badly corroding and allowing water to enter, consequently leading to severe structural corrosion in the luggage-compartment floor area.

The first bossa nova song, " Chega de Saudade ", borrowed some structural elements from choro ; however, later compositions rarely followed this form.

The extra effort of using sequences, however, is justified since part or all of the structural rules may be omitted.

Provision for rail transit was rejected ; however, it was decided that whatever alternative was constructed, the design and structural integrity of whatever was constructed should ideally be able to be retrofitted for such at a later date.

Demographic changes and structural shifts in the economy, however, threatened the primacy of the agrarian oligarchies.