He developed new techniques in vascular sutures and was a pioneer in transplantology and thoracic surgery.

In May 1984 Sakharov's wife, Yelena Bonner, was detained and Sakharov began a hunger strike, demanding permission for his wife to travel to the United States for heart surgery.

The English word " amputation " was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowe's A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie ( published in either 1597 or 1612 ); his work was derived from 16th century French texts and early English writers also used the words " extirpation " ( 16th century French texts tended to use extirper ), " disarticulation ", and " dismemberment " ( from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal ), or simply " cutting ", but by the end of the 17th century " amputation " had come to dominate as the accepted medical term.

In February 1866, Mary Baker Eddy ( known at the time as Mary Glover ) was healed of an injury " that neither medicine nor surgery could reach ..." ( Ret 24: 12 ).

It may also be that after surgery he was able to see certain ultraviolet wavelengths of light that are normally excluded by the lens of the eye ; this may have had an effect on the colors he perceived.

Clitoral reconstructive surgery was developed by French surgeon Pierre Foldès and has been clinically proven to allow women who have undergone female genital mutilation with clitoridectomy, to achieve clitoral orgasms and reduce pain.

Until recently, however, Chagas disease was considered a contraindication for the procedure, since the heart damage could recur as the parasite was expected to seize the opportunity provided by the immunosuppression that follows surgery.

The most serious injuries were special teams coach Joe DeCamillis, who suffered fractured cervical vertebrae and had surgery to stabilize fractured vertebrae in his neck, and Rich Behm, the team's 33-year-old scouting assistant, who was permanently paralyzed from the waist down after his spine was severed.

In August 1966 he began to show symptoms of cholecystitis, for which he underwent surgery on December 12, 1966 when his gallbladder was removed, containing 16 gallstones.

For 26 years ( 1863 – 1889 ) he was connected with the medical faculty of the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania, being elected professor of operative surgery in 1870 and professor of the principles and practice of surgery in the following year.

After a nine-hour surgery, he was given a new aorta.

In May 2000, he later had surgery to repair a leaking heart valve, and was forced to take a three month break from Parliament, with Deputy First Minister, Jim Wallace taking over as Acting First Minister.

He seemed fine at first but later that day suffered a massive brain haemorrhage which was possibly triggered by the anticoagulant medication he was taking after the heart surgery.

In the House of Commons of the United Kingdom on January 19, 1996, health minister Gerald Malone noted that the title doctor had never been restricted to either medical practitioners or those with doctoral degrees in the UK, commenting that the word was defined by common usage but that the titles " physician, doctor of medicine, licentiate in medicine and surgery, bachelor of medicine, surgeon, general practitioner and apothecary " did have special protection in law.

Florence was hospitalized for long periods both for her depressions and for the lung abscess, and she died in 1924 due to an infection following surgery, providing the final incentive for Sapir to leave Canada.

As a result, the topic became — primarily in the USA — prematurely known as " computer science " — which, actually is like referring to surgery as " knife science "— and it was firmly implanted in people's minds that computing science is about machines and their peripheral equipment.

Emil Theodor Kocher ( 25 August 1841 – 27 July 1917 ) was a Swiss physician, medical researcher, and Nobel laureate for his work in the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid.

If the surgery is performed on very young patients ( 2 – 5 years old ), the remaining hemisphere may acquire some rudimentary motor control of the ipsilateral body ; in older patients, paralysis results on the side of the body opposite to the part of the brain that was removed.

Baresi was injured early in the tournament in the group match against Norway, and after emergency surgery, was able to return for the final against Brazil.

In Ybarra v. Spangard, a patient undergoing surgery experienced back complications as a result of the surgery, but it could not be determined exactly which member of the surgical team had breached his or her duty, and so it was held that they had all breached, because it was certain that at least one of them was the only person who was in exclusive control of the instrumentality of harm.

If the procedure is expected to result in significant blood loss, an autologous blood donation may be made some weeks prior to surgery.

Ravel's death was probably a result of the brain surgery, with the underlying cause arguably being a brain injury caused by the automobile accident in 1932, and not from a brain tumor as some believe.

On April 18, 2008, it was announced that Ebert had fractured his hip in a fall, a result of the weakening of his body following the unsuccessful tissue transplants, and had undergone surgery to repair it.

Generally, " medically required " vision care is covered if provided by physicians ( cataract surgery, diabetic vision care, some laser eye surgeries required as a result of disease, but not if the purpose is to replace the need for eyeglasses ).

Every antiseptic, however good, is more or less toxic and irritating to a wounded surface ; as a result, in surgery, the antiseptic method has been replaced by aseptic method, which is preventative in nature and relies on keeping free from the invasion of bacteria rather than destroying them when present.

As a result, Draper had to undergo facial reconstructive surgery, and had to have his jaw wired shut for five weeks.

A thyroidectomy is a medium risk surgery that can result complications if not performed correctly.

It can result from abdominal trauma and occurs if the large bowel is perforated during surgery.

However, surgery and intercurrent disease in patients on corticosteroid therapy without adjusting the dosage to accommodate for increased requirements may also result in this condition.

In 2004, Boreanaz underwent reconstructive surgery on the anterior cruciate ligament of his left knee, a result of a running injury he suffered in high school that was not fully corrected at that time.

Removing the scar is one treatment option ; however, it may result in more severe consequences: the probability that the resulting surgery scar will also become a keloid is high, usually greater than 50 %.

After surgery, patients may experience micropsia as a result of larger photoreceptor separation by edematous fluid.

It provides excellent result as compared to Nissen's fundoplication which is associated with higher incidence of the post surgery dysphagia.

As a result, it was announced on 21 May that doctors advised him not to speak for one month, saying that if this did not help, surgery would be considered.

The most dangerous risk is that enough scar tissue could form within the throat as a result of the incisions to make the airway more narrow than it was prior to surgery, diminishing the airspace in the velopharynx.

Some patients have reported the development of severe sleep apnea as a result of damage to their airway caused by pharyngeal surgery.

The spinal cord lesion or the scarring due to surgery may result in a tethered spinal cord.

Some do not have a navel as a result of the surgery needed to correct abdominal problems at birth like an umbilical hernia or gastroschisis, a condition where the stomach and intestines poke through a hole in the abdominal wall.

In 1922, while Greenfield was Premier, Elizabeth died suddenly as a result of routine surgery.

As a result, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration both recommend that would-be implant recipients be vaccinated against meningitis prior to surgery.

As a result, coronary catheterization may be used to identify possibilities for revascularisation through percutaneous coronary intervention or bypass surgery.

The Cochrane Collaboration ( 2011 ) concluded that mammograms reduce mortality from breast cancer by a absolute amount of 0. 05 % or and relative amount of 15 %, but also result in unnecessary surgery and anxiety, resulting in their view that it is not clear whether mammography screening does more good or harm.