S. A. Hamed Hosseini ( an Australian sociologist and expert in global social movement studies ), argues that the term anti-globalization can be ideal-typically used only to refer to only one ideological vision he detects alongside three other visions ( the anti-globalist, the alter-globalist and the alter-globalization ).

: Science of the mind, or cultural or spiritual science ), a term generally used in German to refer to the humanities and social sciences ; in fact, the term " science " is used more broadly in Europe as a general term that refers to any exact knowledge.

Alcoholism is a broad term for problems with alcohol, and is generally used to mean compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, usually to the detriment of the drinker's health, personal relationships, and social standing.

Today, Internet forums occupy much of the same social and technological space as BBSes did, and the term BBS is often used to refer to any online forum or message board.

The term " Bohemianism ", when used to mean " social unconventionality ", comes from the French bohémien " Gypsy " " because Romani people were thought to come from Bohemia, or because they perhaps entered the West through Bohemia ".

The term black people is used in some socially-based systems of racial classification for humans of a dark-skinned phenotype, relative to other racial groups represented in a particular social context.

While many scientific experts might agree on a common definition of the term " coast ", the delineation of the extents of a coast differ according to jurisdiction, with many scientific and government authorities in various countries differing for economic and social policy reasons.

An umbrella term socio-cultural anthropology makes reference to both cultural and social anthropology traditions.

The term community has two distinct commutive meanings: 1 ) Community usually refers to a social unit larger than a small village that shares common values.

The second meaning is similar to the usage of the term in other social sciences: a community is a group of people living near one another who interact socially.

The term's meanings are highly debatable, but self-described Chicanos view the term as a positive self-identifying social construction.

In Confucianism, the term " li " (), sometimes translated into English as rituals, customs, rites, etiquette, or morals, refers to any of the secular social functions of daily life, akin to the Western term for culture.

It was this authority of the Roman censors which eventually developed into the modern meaning of " censor " and " censorship "— i. e., officials who review published material and forbid the publication of material judged to be contrary to " public morality " as the term is interpreted in a given political and social environment.

A secondary meaning for the term liberal conservatism that has developed in Europe is a combination of more modern conservative ( less traditionalist ) views with those of social liberalism.

A second meaning of the term social conservatism developed in the Nordic countries and continental Europe.

The term classical liberalism was applied in retrospect to distinguish earlier 19th-century liberalism from the newer social liberalism.

Canadian culture is a term that explains the artistic, musical, literary, culinary, political and social elements that are representative of Canada and Canadians, not only to its own population, but people all over the world.

The term " creed " can also refer to a person's political or social beliefs or is sometimes used to mean religious affiliation.

The term " creed " can be used to refer to a set of non-religious beliefs, like political or social beliefs.

In American law and constitutional studies, the term caste has been used to distinguish the social structure envisioned by founders of America with that of historical Europe.

In a review of social stratification systems in Africa, Richter reports that the term caste has been used by French and American scholars to many groups of West African artisans.

" Shag " itself ( when used in reference to American social dances ) is a very broad term used to denote a number of swing dances that originated during the early part of the 20th century.

Professor Forker for example has explored the " historically documentable sexual preferences " of both King James and Bacon – and concluded they were all oriented to " masculine love ", a contemporary term that " seems to have been used exclusively to refer to the sexual preference of men for members of their own gender.

They may experience hatred from others because of their sexual preferences ; a term for such intense hatred based upon one ’ s sexual orientation is homophobia.

) It is beyond doubt that readers have preferences for certain types of stories, and that there are writers and publishers who try to cater to those preferences, but the term genre remains amorphous, and the assigning of works to genres is to some extent arbitrary and subjective.

In 20th century mainstream economics, the term “ utility ” has come to be formally defined as a quantification capturing preferences by assigning greater quantities to states, goods, services, or applications that are of higher priority.

# member states gain a privileged access to information: at the end of their term, they know member states ' preferences better than anyone else

It is one of a number of sexual preferences across age groups subsumed under the technical term " chronophilia ".

Later modifications changed the original CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 by ( 1 ) Adding a definition of the term " person "; ( 2 ) Modifying the term " sender "; ( 3 ) Clarifying that a sender may comply with the act by including a post office box or private mailbox and ( 4 ) Clarifying that to submit a valid opt-out request, a recipient cannot be required to pay a fee, provide information other than his or her email address and opt-out preferences, or take any other steps other than sending a reply email message or visiting a single page on an Internet website.

The term has since evolved to encompass a variety of preferences for the act, which may or may not imply particular attitudes towards other sexual activities.

In some parts of Europe, especially in the Netherlands, " homeboy " is also used as a pejorative term, as well as to refer to individuals with diverging sexual preferences.

Within the car and motorcycle hobbyist import scene, this term, and the related term Japanese domestic model, most commonly refer to Japanese-brand automobiles and parts designed and constructed to conform to Japanese vehicle and equipment regulations and to suit Japanese market preferences.

The use of the term " non-veg " is probably a reference to the carnal nature of sexual humor, and can be viewed in the context of the prevalence of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dietary preferences in India.

One way that time-inconsistent preferences have been formally introduced into economic models is by first giving the decision-maker standard exponentially discounted preferences, and then adding an additional term that heavily discounts any time that is not now.

" A user can enter a search term along with their stated privacy preferences, and is then presented with a list of search results which are ordered based on whether the sites comply with their preferences.

The term customization is used instead when the site only uses explicit data such as ratings or preferences.

Writing before the advent of the term ' homosexuality ', Fourier recognised that both men and women have a wide range of sexual needs and preferences which may change throughout their lives, including same-sex sexuality and androgénité.

The term is sometimes also used, in rhetoric and polemics, in contrast to a so-called " Takings Coalition ", whose constituent elements -- such as welfare recipients, government employees, unions, and companies or non-profits benefiting from government contracts, protectionism or other state action -- all depend on government spending, mandates, or preferences for their livelihood, rather than free markets or voluntarism.

In economics, the term sunspots ( or sometimes " a sunspot ") usually refers to an extrinsic random variable, that is, a random variable that does not directly affect economic fundamentals ( such as endowments, preferences, or technology ).

In modern economics, the term does not indicate any relationship with solar phenomena, and is instead used to describe random variables that have no impact on the preferences, allocations, or production technology of a general equilibrium model.

The term idea refers to our more reflective or thoughtful consciousness as opposed to the immediacies of sensuous or emotional experience.

This term refers to the ability of a material to resist bending stress and is determined by measuring the load required to cause failure by bending.

The term Afroasiatic Urheimat ( Urheimat meaning " original homeland " in German ) refers to the ' hypothetical ' place where Proto-Afroasiatic speakers lived in a single linguistic community, or complex of communities, before this original language dispersed geographically and divided into distinct languages.

The term also broadly refers to any enterprise that is potentially fraught with physical, financial or psychological risk, such as a business venture, a love affair, or other major life undertakings.

While not entirely synonymous with Anatolia, the term Asia Minor, derived from the Latin Asia Minores, refers to Asia inside the Roman Empire, versus Asia Magna, all of Asia beyond the borders.

Art is a term that describes a diverse range of human activities and the products of those activities, but here refers to the visual arts, which cover the creation of images or objects in fields including painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other visual media.

The term " pure " abjad refers to scripts entirely lacking in vowel indicators.

The term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks.

An alp refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be found, and the term " the Alps ", referring to the mountains, is a misnomer.

The term analog signal usually refers to electrical signals ; however, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and other systems may also convey analog signals.

Some scholars favor the unhyphenated form antisemitism to avoid possible confusion involving whether the term refers specifically to Jews, or to Semitic-language speakers as a whole.

The term Rococo was derived from the French word " rocaille ", which means pebbles and refers to the stones and shells used to decorate the interiors of caves.

In modern English, " Americans " generally refers to residents of the United States, and among native speakers of English this usage is almost universal, with any other use of the term requiring specification of the subject under discussion.

The term amide refers both to classes of compounds and to the functional group ( R < sub > n </ sub > E ( O )< sub > x </ sub > NR '< sub > 2 </ sub >) within those compounds.

Alternative medicine is frequently grouped with complementary medicine or integrative medicine, which, in general, refers to the same interventions when used in conjunction with mainstream techniques, under the umbrella term complementary and alternative medicine, or CAM.

The term originally came from antibody generator and was a molecule that binds specifically to an antibody, but the term now also refers to any molecule or molecular fragment that can be bound by a major histocompatibility complex ( MHC ) and presented to a T-cell receptor.

The term " Islamic " refers not only to the religion, but to any form of art created in an Islamic culture or in an Islamic context.

Similar viewpoints have been expressed by Stanley Crouch in a New York Daily News piece, Charles Steele, Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and African-American columnist David Ehrenstein of the LA Times who accused white liberals of flocking to blacks who were " Magic Negros ", a term that refers to a black person with no past who simply appears to assist the mainstream white ( as cultural protagonists / drivers ) agenda.

The term " last rites " refers to administration to a dying person not only of this sacrament but also of Penance and Holy Communion, the last of which, when administered in such circumstances, is known as " Viaticum ", a word whose original meaning in Latin was " provision for the journey ".

The term ahimsa appears in the text Taittiriya Shakha of the Yajurveda ( TS 5. 2. 8. 7 ), where it refers to non-injury to the sacrificer himself.

The term Transonic refers to a range of velocities just below and above the local speed of sound ( generally taken as Mach 0. 8 – 1. 2 ).