In its defensive formulations, the theory will attack conscious change on the grounds of the independent existence of the community.

We may thus trace the notion of individual autonomy from its manifestation in religious practice and theological reflection through practical politics and political theory into literature and the arts.

Finally we may note that the idea appears in educational theory where its influence is at present widespread.

We have been using the word `` public '' in quotation marks, that is, in its vernacular connotation with reference to the odd-lot index theory.

In this connection, it might be noted that the theory of games was a mathematical discovery long before its uses in political science were exploited.

The dissection of scientific theory, the examination of a theory from the vantage-points of language, epistemology, and ethics, is itself a distinct contribution to knowledge, no less so because of its removal from empirical research.

On the theory before us, such relief would be groundless, for in that suffering itself there was nothing bad at all, and hence in its nonoccurrence there would be nothing to be relieved about.

Despite its rather long intellectual history, alienation is still a promising hypothesis and not a verified theory.

Dreams that display events of the future with photographic detail call for a theory explaining their basic mystery and all its components, including that weird feeling of deja vue, inevitably fantastic though that theory must seem.

Nevertheless, according to the traditional theory, a man begins in the midst of action and he analyzes its nature and immediate consequences before or while putting it forth and causing these consequences.

But he rejects, perhaps a little too sweepingly, the theory that disloyal and pro-Communist influences may have contributed to the policy of appeasing Stalin which persisted until after the end of the war and reached its high point at the Yalta Conference in February, 1945.

It is possible to prove many theorems using neither the axiom of choice nor its negation ; such statements will be true in any model of Zermelo – Fraenkel set theory ( ZF ), regardless of the truth or falsity of the axiom of choice in that particular model.

Because of independence, the decision whether to use of the axiom of choice ( or its negation ) in a proof cannot be made by appeal to other axioms of set theory.

For example, in some groups, the group operation is commutative, and this can be asserted with the introduction of an additional axiom, but without this axiom we can do quite well developing ( the more general ) group theory, and we can even take its negation as an axiom for the study of non-commutative groups.

Peter Leeson argues that " the case for anarchy derives its strength from empirical evidence, not theory.

Jardine insisted that the tactic was legitimate and called it " leg theory " but it was widely disparaged by its opponents, who dubbed it " Bodyline " ( from " on the line of the body ").

It breaks language down and analyzes its component parts: theory, sounds and their meaning, utterance usage, word origins, the history of words, the meaning of words and word combinations, sentence construction, basic construction beyond the sentence level, stylistics, and conversation.

Despite popular opinion, Limbo, which was elaborated upon by theologians beginning in the Middle Ages, never entered into the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church, yet, at times, the church incorporated the theory in its ordinary belief.

and Nagaoka himself recognized a fundamental defect in the theory even at its conception, namely that a classical charged object cannot sustain orbital motion because it is accelerating and therefore loses energy due to electromagnetic radiation.

Nevertheless, the Saturnian model turned out to have more in common with modern theory than any of its contemporaries.

For referring specifically to a U. S. national and things, the words used are estadunidense ( also spelled estado-unidense ) ( United States person ), from Estados Unidos da América, and ianque ( Yankee ), but the term most often used is norte-americano, even though it could, as with its Spanish equivalent, in theory apply to Canadians, Mexicans, etc., as well.

His research program vastly extended the scope of the field, incorporating major elements of commutative algebra, homological algebra, sheaf theory, and category theory into its foundations.

The present study relates to the theory of functional systems.

On the positivist theory, everything I sought to express by calling it evil in the first case is still present in the second.

However, this theory is undermined by the disproportional fear of spiders in comparison to other, potentially dangerous creatures that were present during Homo sapiens environment of evolutionary adaptiveness.

In one such theory, put forward by Sir E. B. Tylor, early humans initially, through mere observation, recognized what might be called a soul, life-force, spirit, breath or animus within themselves ; that which was present in the body in life and absent in death.

Far from trying to build a systematic or formalist theory, he wanted his disciples to master and internalize the old classics, so that their deep thought and thorough study would allow them to relate the moral problems of the present to past political events ( as recorded in the Annals ) or the past expressions of commoners ' feelings and noblemen's reflections ( as in the poems of the Book of Odes ).

This work was fundamental in consolidating number theory as a discipline and has shaped the field to the present day.

The two meanings of critical theory — from different intellectual traditions associated with the meaning of criticism and critique — derive ultimately from the Greek word kritikos meaning judgment or discernment, and in their present forms go back to the 18th century.

Both strands were often present in the various modalities of postmodern theory.

There is a Trotskyist theory of permanent arms economy, put forward by Michael Kidron, which leads on from the contention that war and accompanying industrialisation is a continuing feature of capitalist states and that central planning and other features of the war economy are ever present.

While individual equations present a kind of puzzle and have been considered throughout history, the formulation of general theories of Diophantine equations ( beyond the theory of quadratic forms ) was an achievement of the twentieth century.

A consequence of this theory is that effective teaching should present a variety of teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities so that different students have equal opportunities to learn in a way that is effective for them.

According to the present view of the situation, quantum mechanics flatly contradicts Einstein's philosophical postulate that any acceptable physical theory must fulfill " local realism ".

In particular, in the quantum theory a smeared supertube is present that cuts the spacetime in such a way that, although in the full spacetime a closed timelike curve passed through every point, no complete curves exist on the interior region bounded by the tube.

These equations specify how the geometry of space and time is influenced by whatever matter is present, and form the core of Einstein's general theory of relativity.

The theory was popularized in the 1840s by Scottish writer Thomas Carlyle, and in 1860 Herbert Spencer formulated a counter-argument that has remained influential throughout the 20th century to the present ; Spencer said that such great men are the products of their societies, and that their actions would be impossible without the social conditions built before their lifetimes.

Although this should, in theory, be highly effective in counteracting genetic disorders and hereditary diseases, many jurisdictions prohibit this for application in human beings, at least for the present, for a variety of technical and ethical reasons.

According to the species-area theory and based on upper-bound estimating, up to 140, 000 species per year may be the present rate of extinction.

" He summarizes his rejection of the theory that Blacks are genetically inferior to Whites by stating that " Nothing at present coerces rational belief.

The republican theory also suggests that the Long Parliament would have been successful in these necessary reforms except through the forceful intervention of Oliver Cromwell ( and others ) in removing the loyalists party, the unlawful execution of King Charles II, later dissolving the Rump Parliament ; and finally the forceful dissolution of the reconvened Rump Parliament by Monck when less than a fourth of the required members were present.

Matthew Gentzkow and Jesse Shapiro of Chicago GSB present another demand-driven theory of mass media bias.

One theory is that the present Mishnah was based on an earlier collection by Rabbi Meir.

Dawkins apparently did not intend to present a comprehensive theory of memetics in The Selfish Gene, but rather coined the term meme in a speculative spirit.

Ontology ( from onto -, from the Greek ὤν, ὄντος " being ; that which is ", present participle of the verb εἰμί, eimi " be ", and-λογία ,-logia: science, study, theory ) is the philosophical study of the nature of being, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations.

Einstein held that there should be a local hidden variable theory underlying quantum mechanics and, consequently, that the present theory was incomplete.