In collaboration with Shen Lin he devised well-known heuristics for two NP-complete optimization problems: graph partitioning and the travelling salesman problem.

Possibly a link with the German word Hausierer, meaning travelling salesman or solicitor of news.

Once this job finished, he took a number of others, including working as a travelling insurance salesman, remaining in the United States until 1967.

The origins of the travelling salesman problem are unclear.

The travelling salesman problem was defined in the 1800s by the Irish mathematician W. R. Hamilton and by the British mathematician Thomas Kirkman.

Hassler Whitney at Princeton University introduced the name travelling salesman problem soon after.

Shen Lin and Brian Kernighan first published their method in 1972, and it was the most reliable heuristic for solving travelling salesman problems for nearly two decades.

The nearest neighbour algorithm was one of the first algorithms used to determine a solution to the travelling salesman problem.

He subsequently worked in Leopoldville ( now Kinshasa ) and Stanleyville ( now Kisangani ) as a postal clerk and as a travelling beer salesman.

In George Orwell's Coming Up for Air, travelling salesman George Bowling regularly reminisces about the smell of sainfoin in his father's seed shop in Lower Binfield.

He worked variously as an insurance agent ( September 1946-July 1947 ), a travelling salesman ( September 1947-1949 ) and as a manual labourer alongside the graphic artist Vladimír Boudník in the Kladno steelworks ( 1949 – 1952 ), an experience that inspired the " hyper-realist " texts he was writing at the time.

The routing problem is equivalent to the travelling salesman problem, which is NP complete, and therefore not amenable to a perfect solution on a reasonable time scale.

In 1962 Sykes played his first starring film role, being a travelling salesman in the comedy Village of Daughters, set in an Italian village, but featuring a mostly British cast including John Le Mesurier ( who was at that time married to Hattie Jacques ), and Roger Delgado.

Born in London to a headmistress and a travelling salesman, she made her professional debut on the London stage in 1927, at the age of 18.

Her mother, Jessie Helen ( née Horspool ), was the head of a school for mentally handicapped children, and her father, Harry Tandy, was a travelling salesman for a rope manufacturer .< ref >

* Some methods for solving the travelling salesman problem, either exactly ( in exponential time ) or approximately ( e. g. via the bitonic tour )

Poulenc soon became obsessed with this work, and saw the sad fate of Blanche de la Force as a sad echo of the long agony of his boyfriend Lucien Roubert, a travelling salesman ( 1909-55 ) who died on the same day as Poulenc finished the piano version of the Dialogues.

The Hamiltonian cycle problem is also a special case of the travelling salesman problem, obtained by setting the distance between two cities to one if they are adjacent and two otherwise, and verifying that the total distance travelled is equal to n ( if so, the route is a Hamiltonian circuit ; if there is no Hamiltonian circuit then the shortest route will be longer ).

Pete's Dragon ( 1977 ) is a live-action / animated musical film from Walt Disney Productions, in which he played a travelling elixir showman / salesman named Doc Terminus.

He worked as a school teacher and travelling salesman before entering the profession.

One reads in the book that Brideshead has " the atmosphere of a better age ," and, referring to the deaths of Lady Marchmain's brothers in the Great War, " these men must die to make a world for Hooper ... so that things might be safe for the travelling salesman, with his polygonal pince-nez, his fat, wet handshake, his grinning dentures.

Mr Dagenham, a travelling salesman who drives an open-topped convertible occasionally appears, as do the staff and cadets of Pippin Fort, a nearby military academy run by Captain Snort and Sergeant-Major Grout.

Mr Dagenham is a travelling salesman and drives a red sports car.

By the end of the first book, Sophia ( whose name reflects her sophistication, as opposed to the constant Constance ) has eloped with a travelling salesman.

Ranulf devised a plan for dealing with the problem by ambushing Henry whilst the prince was travelling back from Stephen's court to Scotland after Christmas.

It is a special case of the travelling purchaser problem.

A handbook for travelling salesmen from 1832 mentions the problem and includes example tours through Germany and Switzerland, but contains no mathematical treatment.

Ranulf devised a plan for dealing with the problem by ambushing Henry whilst the prince was travelling back from Stephen's court to Scotland after Christmas.

# redirect travelling salesman problem

In it, he solved a seven-node instance of the Hamiltonian Graph problem, an NP-complete problem similar to the travelling salesman problem.

# The travelling salesman problem, in which a solution is a cycle containing all nodes of the graph and the target is to minimize the total length of the cycle

For example, for the travelling salesman problem a solution can be a cycle and the criterion to maximize is a combination of the number of nodes and the length of the cycle.

For example, hill climbing can be applied to the travelling salesman problem.

A more realistic problem we might wish to solve is the travelling salesman problem.

If one already knows that the travelling salesman problem is NP-hard ( as it is ), then the job-shop problem is clearly also NP-hard, since the TSP is the JSP with ( the salesman is the machine and the cities are the jobs ).

especially if one is travelling or dining out a great deal, their importance mounts.

The travelling involved in the archaeology had a large influence on Christie's writing, which is often reflected as some type of transportation playing a part in her murderer ’ s schemes.

Assuming that the ion is accelerated during a very short interval, the ion can be assumed to be travelling at constant velocity.

As the ion will travel from the tip at voltage V < sub > 1 </ sub > to some nominal ground potential, the speed at which the ion is travelling can be estimated by the energy transferred into the ion during ( or near ) ionisation.

It is a violation to move without dribbling the ball ( travelling ), to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling ( double dribble ).

In some countries, the rules require that after the hand is played for the first time, the players write the hands down on the travelling scoresheet, which can be consulted later if the cards are accidentally mixed up.

This is partly attributed to a shift away from private motoring due to growing road congestion and increasing petrol prices, but also to the fact that travelling in general ( for all modes ) has increased with affluency.

The Marine Atlantic terminal at North Sydney is the terminal for large ferries travelling to Channel-Port aux Basques and seasonally to Argentia on the island of Newfoundland.

The reason for this is that although the Scandinavian peninsula is attached to Continental Europe by Karelia etc., it is usually reached by sea, not by land ( which would require travelling north as far as Tornio at the 66th parallel north ).

If an evacuated glass tube is equipped with two electrodes and a voltage is applied, the glass opposite of the negative electrode is observed to glow, due to electrons emitted from and travelling perpendicular to the cathode ( the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the voltage supply ).

( The reference is to travelling salesmen of certain kinds.

This is responsible for humans ’ recollective experiences and ‘ mental time travelling ’ abilities ( characteristics of episodic memory ).

Short path distillation is a distillation technique that involves the distillate travelling a short distance, often only a few centimeters, and is normally done at reduced pressure.

The path difference between two waves travelling at an angle is given by:

While they are travelling, the distance between successive wave fronts is reduced ; so the waves " bunch together ".

Since light is an oscillation it is not affected by travelling through static electric or magnetic fields in a linear medium such as a vacuum.

The process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through which they are travelling.

If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction.