However, most of the new states that came out of Yugoslavia-most notably Serbia and the Serbian entity in Bosnia-Herzegovina-refused to cooperate with the international tribunal.

When a matter of justice came up and it wasn't resolved by a tribunal they would carry the statue to the accused and ask " Is it he who stole my goods " and if the statue nodded the accused would be considered guilty however at times the accused would deny guilt and demand to see another oracle or, in at least one case when that failed, he asked to see a third.

According to a 2006 newspaper column by Jack Betts, " When eight Nazis bent on mayhem came ashore on Long Island in 1942, they were soon caught and ordered to stand trial in a secret military tribunal.

At issue in the Nuremberg war crimes tribunal following the Allied occupation of Nazi Germany after World War II was a question concerning principles closely related to respondeat superior, which came to be known by the term command responsibility.

Regarding hostage taking, the tribunal came to the conclusion that under certain circumstances, hostage taking and even reprisal killings might constitute an allowed line of action against guerilla attacks.

The closest he came to any sort of practical success was on March 23, 1896, when one George Moffat, an MP from Dalhousie, New Brunswick, put forth a motion ( in response to Monk's copious letter to he and his colleagues ) in Parliament to discuss Canadian sponsorship of an international tribunal, convened in Jerusalem.

The move caused some controversy in Serbia, as Belgrade regarded him as a war criminal, though he was never indicted by the Hague tribunal.

From 1945 to 1949, he was Britain's principal United Nations delegate, though he was recalled in 1948 to lead for the government's interest at the Lynskey tribunal.

In view of the composition of the tribunal the result was a foregone conclusion, even though the defendants put up a spirited defense.

It is of note that MI6 have never succeeded in obtaining another PII certificate since the Tomlinson case, even though they have been subjected to more rigorous court scrutiny ( for example the Inquest into the death of the Princess of Wales ) than would have been involved with an employment tribunal.

Because a tribunal is not bound by legal precedent, established by itself or by a reviewing court, a tribunal is not a court even though it performs an important adjudicative function and contributes to the development of law like a court would do.

: " Previous research has argued that the innocence problem is minimal because defendants are risk-prone and willing to defend themselves before a tribunal.

With Coke's " Institutes " in his hand he was willing to tackle any tribunal.

Del Ponte, in the same interview, claimed that it was difficult to find witnesses who were willing to testify not just to the prosecutors, but also for the tribunal.

The Vehmic courts, Vehmgericht, holy vehme, or simply Vehm, also spelt Feme, Vehmegericht, Fehmgericht, are names given to a " proto-vigilante " tribunal system of Westphalia active during the later Middle Ages, based on a fraternal organisation of lay judges called “ free judges ” ( or ).

Here one of his services was to create, in connection with the faculty of law, a " Spruch-Collegium ", an extraordinary tribunal competent to deliver opinions on cases remitted to it by the ordinary courts ; and he took an active part in its labours.

The Australian War Crimes Section of the Tokyo tribunal, led by prosecutor William Webb ( the future Judge-in-Chief ), collected numerous written reports and testimonies that documented Japanese soldiers ' acts of cannibalism among their own troops, on enemy dead, and on Allied prisoners of war in many parts of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.

) He opposed the Vietnam War and, along with Bertrand Russell and others, organized a tribunal intended to expose U. S. war crimes, which became known as the Russell Tribunal in 1967.

On March 7, 2003, the war tribunal Special Court for Sierra Leone ( SCSL ) decided to summon Charles Taylor and charge him with war crimes and crimes against humanity, but they kept this decision and this charge secret until June that year.

Under international pressure, President Sirleaf requested in March 2006 that Nigeria extradite Charles Taylor, who was then brought before an international tribunal in Sierra Leone to face charges of crimes against humanity, arising from events during the Sierra Leone civil war ( his trial was later transferred to The Hague for security purposes ).

* 1948 – In Tokyo, an international war crimes tribunal sentences seven Japanese military and government officials, including General Hideki Tojo, to death for their roles in World War II.

* November 12 – In Tokyo, an international war crimes tribunal sentences 7 Japanese military and government officials to death, including General Hideki Tojo, for their roles in World War II.

** Hideki Tōjō, Japanese prime minister during most of WWII, attempts suicide to avoid facing a war crimes tribunal.

* December 15 – An Israeli war crimes tribunal sentences Adolf Eichmann to die for his part in The Holocaust.

** The trial of Slobodan Milošević, the former President of Yugoslavia, begins at the United Nations war crimes tribunal in The Hague.

In May 2012 the tribunal again under a purported exercise of universal jurisdiction took testimony from victims of torture at Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo, and convicted in absentia former President Bush, former Vice President Dick Cheney, former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, former Deputy Assistant Attorneys General John Yoo and Jay Bybee, former Attorney General Alberto Gonzales, and former counselors David Addington and William Haynes II for conspiracy to commit war crimes.

At the conclusion of the war, an international war crimes commission recommended the creation of a tribunal to try " violations of the laws of humanity ".

Following years of negotiations aimed at establishing a permanent international tribunal to prosecute individuals accused of genocide and other serious international crimes, such as crimes against humanity, war crimes and the recently defined crimes of aggression, the United Nations General Assembly convened a five-week diplomatic conference in Rome in June 1998 " to finalize and adopt a convention on the establishment of an international criminal court ".

The tribunal has jurisdiction over genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, which are defined as violations of Common Article Three and Additional Protocol II of the Geneva Conventions ( dealing with war crimes committed during internal conflicts ).

At St. Marks a military tribunal was convened, and Ambrister and Arbuthnot were charged with aiding the Seminoles and the Spanish, inciting them to war and leading them against the United States.

After a " competent tribunal " has determined that an individual detainee is an unlawful combatant, the " detaining power " may choose to accord the detained unlawful combatant the rights and privileges of a prisoner of war as described in the Third Geneva Convention, but is not required to do so.

If there is any doubt about whether a detained alleged combatant is a " lawful combatant " then the combatant must be held as a prisoner of war until his or her status has been determined by " a competent tribunal ".

Judge James Robertson of the U. S. District Court for the District of Columbia ruled in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld that no competent tribunal had found that Hamdan was not a prisoner of war under the Geneva Conventions.

Determining whether a captive should be classified as a prisoner of war is the sole purpose of a competent tribunal.

Soldiers who break specific provisions of the laws of war lose the protections and status afforded as prisoners of war, but only after facing a " competent tribunal " ( GC III Art 5 ).

5 ), the following applies: A POW who breaks specific provisions of the laws of war may be penalized, but not penalized worse than the tribunal would penalize its own soldiers for the same offense ( and usually a disciplinary, not judicial, punishment if its own soldiers normally wouldn't be brought to trial for a particular offense ) and POW's may not be penalized based on rank or gender, nor with corporal punishment, collective punishments for individual acts, lack of daylight, or torture / cruelty ( GC IV, Art.

Justice Minister Ricardo Gil Lavedra, who formed part of the 1985 tribunal judging the military crimes committed during the Dirty War would later go on record saying that " I sincerely believe that the majority of the victims of the illegal repression were guerrilla militants ".

The courts took jurisdiction over all crimes during the Late Middle Ages, and those condemned by the tribunal were done away with by secret means.

* February 13 – A United Nations tribunal on human rights violations in the Balkans charges 21 Bosnian Serb commanders with genocide and crimes against humanity.

Candidates for the Forbes list were fugitives thought to be dangerous who had " a long history of committing serious crimes ", who had been indicted or charged with a crime in a national jurisdiction or by an international tribunal, and who were involved with a type of criminal activity " with which legal institutions in diverse jurisdictions are grappling ".

UN General Assembly Resolution n. 260 9 December 1948, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, was the first step towards the establishment of an international permanent criminal tribunal with jurisdiction on crimes yet to be defined in international treaties.

David Crane the first Chief Prosecutor of the Sierra Leone tribunal, chose to interpret the statute so that the tribunal's policy was to prosecute those who recruited the children rather than the children themselves no matter how heinous the crimes they had committed.

According to the Soviet Politburo they were complying with the 1978 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Good Neighborliness and Amin had been " executed by a tribunal for his crimes " by the Afghan Revolutionary Central Committee.