The Vehmic courts were the regional courts of Westphalia which, in turn, were based on the county courts of Franconia.

The Westphalian Vehmic courts developed from the High Medieval “ free courts ” (), which had jurisdiction within a “ free county ” ().

Following the abandonment of the Vehmic courts, the term acquired a connotation of mob rule and lynching.

Vehmic courts play a key role in the novel Anne of Geierstein or, The Maiden of the Mist by Sir Walter Scott in which Archibald von Hagenbach, the Duke of Burgundy's governor at Brisach ( Switzerland ), is condemned and executed by the Vehmgericht.

Trilogy, the Vehmic courts are mentioned as being connected to Nazi Werewolves as well as the Illuminati.

As a result of the 14th century imperial reform of the Holy Roman Empire ( Golden Bull of 1356 ), the Landgraviates lost much of their power, and the Freigerichte disappeared, with the exception of Westphalia, where they retained their authority and transformed into the Vehmic court.

Glenn Danzig has referred to the symbols on the album cover as " Vehmic runes " that spell out " Danzig ".

Princes and nobles were initiated ; and in 1429 even the emperor Sigismund himself became “ a true and proper Freischöffe of the Holy Roman Empire .” There is a manuscript in the Town Hall of the Westphalian town of Soest, which consists of an original Vehmic Court Regulation document, along with illustrations.

At different times, it could be declared by the Holy Roman Emperor, by courts like the Vehmgericht or the Reichskammergericht, or by the Reichstag.

At different times, it could be declared by the Holy Roman Emperor, by courts like the Vehmgericht or the Reichskammergericht, or by the Reichstag.

" What torment to see our holy courts converted into an alien temple!

When the knights began producing large quantities of the wine for export to Europe's royal courts and for supplying pilgrims en route to the holy lands, the wine assumed the name of the region.

And know that even though the legal authority vested by the government to decide cases is with the secular courts and the judges there are Jews, with all this it is clear that according to the law of our holy Torah – he who sues his friend in their courts commits a sin too great to bear, and he is as was decided by the Rambam and Shulchan Aruch, that any who sues in their courts is evil and it is as though he has been spiteful and blasphemed and raised his hand against the Torah of Moses our Rabbi.

Let the impious teaching of Eutyches, which makes the fanciful claim that the Virgin is of another substance than we, be excluded from the belief of the holy courts ..."

Of these three bodies it is the assembly and the courts that were the true sites of power — although courts, unlike the assembly, were never simply called the demos ( the People ) as they were manned by a subset of the citizen body, those over thirty.

He restored pagan temples which had been confiscated since Constantine's time, or simply appropriated by wealthy citizens ; he repealed the stipends that Constantine had awarded to Christian bishops, and removed their other privileges, including a right to be consulted on appointments and to act as private courts.

Greeks, Syrians, and Jews continued to live as they had before, subject to their own laws and courts, with their former Muslim overlords simply replaced by the crusaders ; Muslims now joined them at the lowest level of society.

* Lex Fori-In many cases, courts simply avoid this complicated and expensive analysis by applying their local law to the parties ' entire property, even if there is a foreign element.

The highest courts of New Hampshire and West Virginia simply do not have an intermediate appellate court between themselves and the trial court of general jurisdiction, while the intermediate Court of Appeals of Virginia hears appeals as a matter of right only in family and administrative cases.

Article III of the Constitution refers to all members of the Supreme Court ( and of other federal courts ) simply as " Judges.

The terms of the divorce are usually determined by the courts, though they may take into account prenuptial agreements or post-nuptial agreements, or simply ratify terms that the spouses may have agreed to privately ( this is not true in the United States, where agreements related to the marriage typically have to be rendered in writing to be enforceable ).

In most other English speaking countries, buildings which house courts of law are simply called " courts " or " court buildings ".

The term " judiciary " is not meant to indicate the Judicial of the Trias politica, but rather a purely organisational complex of judicial institutions: those courts are simply part of the judiciary that are designated as such by formal law ( Article 116 ).

The largest is a recreational area located off Oak Street, known to residents simply as the " Rec Field ," which is home to nine baseball and softball fields, six tennis courts, a roller hockey rink, basketball courts, and other facilities.

Coke's meaning has been disputed over the years ; some interpret his judgment as referring simply to judicial review of statutes to correct misunderstandings which would render them unfair, while others argue he meant that the common law courts have the power to completely strike down those statutes they deem to be repugnant.

By 1320 requests were regularly sent there, and heard by the judges of the common law courts, with the rules used to settle cases being those of " law or reason ", sometimes simply " reason ", a far more liberal and adjustable approach than the common law.

If the defendant who claimed benefit of clergy was particularly deserving of death, courts occasionally would ask him to read a different passage from the Bible ; if, like most defendants, he was illiterate and simply had memorized Psalm 51, he would be unable to establish the defence and would be put to death.

In the United States Supreme Court, in the Canada Supreme Court and the superior courts of Australia, rather than adopting the title Madam Justice for female justices, the title Mrs. Justice was replaced simply by Justice.

The court took note of documents produced by the defendant, a convicted murderer who submitted documents in support of his appeal claiming that TONA rendered his conviction invalid: The Sibley court dismissed the appeal, concluding in part that the defendant was simply not seeking relief through the courts.

The gardens simply collect the surface water from the outdoor tennis courts.

These decisions followed up on Standard Oil's suggestion that courts can determine that certain restraints are unreasonable based simply upon the " nature and character " of the agreement.

Badminton. For those in need of exercise or simply interested in taking part in one of Lao people ’ s favorite modern sports, the Xieng Khouang Mai Hotel also has badminton courts open to the public.

Powell's opinion has been interpreted by several lower courts as an indication that reportorial privilege does indeed exist, but was simply not warranted in the specific case of Branzburg.

One way, sometimes voiced by political conservatives, argues that Browns relative failure is due to the inherent limitations of law and the courts, which simply do not have the institutional competence to supervise the desegregation of whole school districts.

Moreover, some, such as Erwin Chemerinsky, argue that courts may have had sufficient ability to ensure widespread integration but simply were not allowed enough time to perform this role, since Milliken v. Bradley, in 1974 — barely a decade since desegregation began in earnest in the South — severely curtained the thoroughgoing methods ( e. g. busing ) which might have achieved the goal of desegregation, particularly in the South, and even more particularly in the state of Georgia.

During medieval times, punishment of felons was sometimes exercised by such secret societies as the courts of the Vehm ( cf.

The great architect also designed the fine interior staircase and colonnade which connects the two courts.

The right to file an appeal can also vary from state to state ; for example, the New Jersey Constitution vests judicial power in a Supreme Court, a Superior Court, and other courts of limited jurisdiction, with an appellate court being part of the Superior Court.

In different jurisdictions, appellate courts are also called appeals courts, courts of appeals, superior courts, or supreme courts.

In Anglo-American common law courts, appellate review of lower court decisions may also be obtained by filing a petition for review by prerogative writ in certain cases.

Foreign courts needed to have American grievances laid before them persuasively in a “ manifesto ” which could also reassure them that the Americans would be reliable trading partners.

Stilicho also claimed to be the guardian of Arcadius, causing much rivalry between the western and eastern courts.

His government also introduced a new Factory Act meant to protect workers, the Conspiracy and Protection of Property Act 1875 to allow peaceful picketing, and the Employers and Workmen Act ( 1875 ) to enable workers to sue employers in the civil courts if they broke legal contracts.

The Extrajudicial Restructuring ( Recuperação Extrajudicial ) is a private negotiation that involves creditors and debtors and, as with court-ordered restructuring, also has to be approved by courts.

Common law ( also known as case law or precedent ) is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals ( as opposed to statutes adopted through the legislative process or regulations issued by the executive branch ).

The type of procedure practiced in common law courts is known as the adversarial system ; this is also a development of the common law.

See, e. g., Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States, ( giving federal courts the authority to fashion common law rules with respect to issues of federal power, in this case negotiable instruments backed by the federal government ); see also International News Service v. Associated Press, 248 U. S. 215 ( 1918 ) ( creating a cause of action for misappropriation of " hot news " that lacks any statutory grounding, but that is one of the handful of federal common law actions that survives today ); National Basketball Association v. Motorola, Inc., 105 F. 3d 841, 843-44, 853 ( 2d Cir.

As given by appropriate laws, courts and authorities can enact and write out documents and judgements in the Czech language ( also, financial authorities in the Slovak language ).

It also included “ information such as weather forecasts, farmers ' planting dates, astronomical information, and tide tables, Astronomical data and various statistics, such as the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms of courts, lists of all types, timelines, and more .” Mather had within the text of the Almanac the positions and motions of these celestial bodies, which he must have calculated by hand.

The bards and other upper castes were exempt from lay courts, and they were also endogamous.

In addition to setting out the scope of the jurisdiction of the federal judiciary, it also prohibits courts from issuing advisory opinions, or from hearing cases that are either unripe, meaning that the controversy has not arisen yet, or moot, meaning that the controversy has already been resolved.

Athenian democracy was not only direct in the sense that decisions were made by the assembled people, but also directest in the sense that the people through the assembly, boule and courts of law controlled the entire political process and a large proportion of citizens were involved constantly in the public business.

Some scholars believe that, because the only evidence for the " courts of love " is Andreas Capellanus ’ s book The Art of Courtly Love, they probably never existed ; to further strengthen their argument, they say that there is also no evidence that Marie ever stayed with her mother in Poitiers, beyond her name being mentioned in Andreas ’ s work.

International environmental law also includes the opinions of international courts and tribunals.

Coppola also owns Francis Ford Coppola Winery near Geyserville, California where he has opened a family-friendly facility with swimming pools, bocce courts and a restaurant.

There is also a High Court of Impeachment for criminal charges ( for an offence in office ) against the President of the Republic, the justices of the supreme courts, members of the Council of State, the Chancellor of Justice and the Ombudsman of Parliament.

It also said courts could no longer enforce yellow-dog contracts, which are labor contracts prohibiting a worker from joining a union.