Abjads differ from abugidas, another category invented by Daniels, in that in abjads, the vowel sound is implied by phonology, and where vowel marks exist for the system, such as nikkud for Hebrew and harakāt for Arabic, their use is optional and not the dominant ( or literate ) form.

English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Hebrew, Arabic, Portuguese, and Russian speakers may use the term American to refer to either inhabitants of the Americas or to U. S. nationals.

He was a cultivated patron of literature and art, and it was in his time that the first printing press authorized to use the Arabic or Turkish languages was set up in Constantinople, operated by Ibrahim Muteferrika ( while the printing press had been introduced to Constantinople in 1480, all works published before 1729 were in Greek, Armenian, or Hebrew ).

A German manuscript page teaching use of Arabic numerals ( Hans Talhoffer | Talhoffer Thott, 1459 ).

) In central Europe, the King of Hungary Ladislaus the Posthumous, started the use of Arabic numerals, which appear for the first time in a royal document of 1456.

Its use is documented at least as far back as the 14th century when a law passed in Huesca in 1349 stated that Item nuyl corridor nonsia usado que faga mercadería ninguna que compre nin venda entre ningunas personas, faulando en algaravia nin en abraych nin en basquenç: et qui lo fara pague por coto XXX sol — essentially penalizing the use of Arabic, Hebrew or Vascuence ( Basque ) with a fine of 30 sols.

N ' ko and the Arabic script are still in use for Bambara, although the Latin script is much more common.

Most people and institutions in China primarily use the Indian ( Arabic ) system for convenience, with traditional Chinese numerals used mainly in some formal or ceremonial occasions such as on printed money.

Since it reflects spoken language, it does not use the positional system as in Arabic numerals, in the same way that spelling out numbers in English does not.

Traditionally, North Africans use a food steamer ( called a كسكس kiskas in Arabic or a couscoussière in French ).

Arabic manuscripts dated from the 14th century document the use of the hand cannon, a forerunner of the handgun, in the Arabic world.

However, due to the Arabisation of Egypt, service in churches started to witness increased use of Arabic, while preaching is done entirely in Arabic.

The symbols for the digits in common use around the globe today are called Arabic numerals by Europeans and Indian numerals by Arabs, the two groups ' terms both referring to the culture from which they learned the system.

* Non-pure abjads ( such as Hebrew and Arabic script ) and abugidas use diacritics for denoting vowels.

Hebrew and Arabic also indicate consonant doubling and change with diacritics ; Hebrew and Devanagari use them for foreign sounds.

They use the Arabic language and follow a social pattern very similar to those of the other peoples of the eastern Mediterranean region.

Christians speaking Arabic or other Semitic languages generally use names cognate to Pesaḥ.

The Emperor pressured Eritrea ’ s elected chief executive to resign, made Amharic the official language in place of Arabic and Tigrinya, terminated the use of the Eritrean flag, imposed censorship, and moved many businesses out of Eritrea.

Manual alphabets based on the Arabic alphabet, the Ethiopian syllabary and the Korean hangul syllabary-alphabet use handshapes that are more or less iconic representations of the characters in the writing system.

Other historians urge caution regarding claims of Islamic firearms use in the 1204-1324 period as late medieval Arabic texts used the same word for gunpowder, naft, that they used for an earlier incendiary naptha.

The earliest surviving documentary evidence for the use of the hand cannon, considered the oldest type of portable firearm and a forerunner of the handgun, are from several Arabic manuscripts dated to the 14th century.

One century later, their use of the symbols which became 2, 7 and 9 was recorded, but Brahmi numerals lacked a symbol for 0.

By this time, the use of the glyph had already reached Persia, and was mentioned in Al-Khwarizmi's descriptions of Indian numerals.

Roman numerals remained in use mostly for the notation of Anno Domini years, and for numbers on clockfaces.

However, when people who use Hindu-Arabic numerals speak of decimal notation, they often mean not just decimal numeration, as above, but also decimal fractions, all conveyed as part of a positional system.

( While the use of Hindu-Arabic numerals is occasionally seen, such as in the game Pop-O-Matic Trouble, the ambigrammatic properties of the digits ( for instance, 6 can look like a 9 upside down ) make such dice uncommon.

Languages in the Nigerian Middle Belt such as Janji, Gbiri-Niragu ( Kahugu ), the Nimbia dialect of Gwandara ; the Chepang_language of Nepal and the Mahl language of Minicoy Island in India are known to use duodecimal numerals.

) But such a system is impractical for scientific use, since new planets may be found closer to the star, changing all numerals.

Input ( using the instruction ) and output ( using the instruction ) do not use the usual formats ; in INTERCAL-72, WRITE IN inputs a number written out as digits in English ( such as SIX FIVE FIVE THREE FIVE ), and READ OUT outputs it in ' butchered ' Roman numerals.

A call sign can be any number of letters and numerals but each country must only use call signs that begin with the characters allocated for use in that country.

Even today, the Arabs called the numerals they use ' Rakam Al-Hind ' or the Hindu numeral system.

The sign-value systems use only the geometric numerals and the positional systems use only the arithmetic numerals.

Some languages have a very limited set of numerals, and in some cases they arguably do not have any numerals at all, but instead use more generic quantifiers or number words, such as ' pair ' or ' many '.

In many languages, such as Chinese, numerals require the use of numeral classifiers.

Although originating in the mainland of Greece, use of the acropolis model quickly spread to Greek colonies such as the Dorian Lato on Crete during the Archaic Period.

It is a popular snack sold in Mexico, sometimes mixed with chocolate or puffed rice, and its use has spread to Europe and parts of North America.

Selection by lottery was the standard means as it was regarded as the more democratic: elections would favour those who were rich, noble, eloquent and well-known, while allotment spread the work of administration throughout the whole citizen body, engaging them in the crucial democratic experience of, to use Aristotle's words, " ruling and being ruled in turn " ( Politics 1317b28 – 30 ).

Although there were low levels of preexisting antibiotic-resistant bacteria before the widespread use of antibiotics, evolutionary pressure from their use has played a role in the development of muiltidrug resistance varieties and the spread of resistance between bacterial species.

Around the end of the 1990s, ayahuasca use spread to Europe.

Subsequently, its use spread beyond the Gnostics.

The use of tall smokestacks to reduce local pollution has contributed to the spread of acid rain by releasing gases into regional atmospheric circulation.

During the later part of first millennium BC the use of brass spread across a wide geographical area from Britain and Spain in the west to Iran, and India in the east.

Another property of anthrax that helped fuel its use as a biological weapon is its poor ability to spread far beyond the targeted population.

Using this method, scientists and farmers hope to keep the number of resistant genes very low, and use genetic drift to ensure any resistance that does emerge does not spread.

Penicillinase was the first β-lactamase to be identified: It was first isolated by Abraham and Chain in 1940 from Gram-negative E. coli even before penicillin entered clinical use, but penicillinase production quickly spread to bacteria that previously did not produce it or produced it only rarely.

The copies were not spread far, and were soon worn out by the daily use made of them.

Cretin became a medical term in the 18th century, from an Alpine French dialect prevalent in a region where persons with such a condition were especially common ( see below ); it saw wide medical use in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and then spread more widely in popular English as a markedly derogatory term for a person who behaves stupidly.

They spread its use into North Africa where it was adopted by Mamluk Egyptians and the Sudanese who produced it until the early 20th century.

The use of quarantine and various other efforts, such as balancing the body's humors, did not slow the disease's spread.

The use of rhyming slang has spread beyond the purely dialectal and some examples are to be found in the mainstream British English lexicon and internationally, although many users may be unaware of the origin of those words.

In the past few years, a practice called yarn bombing, or the use of knitted or crocheted cloth to modify and beautify one's ( usually outdoor ) surroundings, emerged in the US and spread worldwide.

Knowledge of the use of copper was far wider spread than the metal itself.

Further, the United States would provide economic and military aid and, if necessary, use military force to stop the spread of communism in the Middle East.

Discordians use subversive humor to spread their philosophy and to prevent their beliefs from becoming dogmatic.

Composer Bear McCreary made heavy use of and helped spread awareness of taiko drums and taiko groups in the soundtracks for the reimagined Battlestar Galactica TV series.

This use spread to the Americas, former European colonies, and is now prevalent in most of the world.

The rapid spread of the term may be related to the almost exclusive use of this script to publish sacred Sanskrit texts.