Theophrastus Phillipus Auroleus Bombastus von Hohenheim ( 1493 – 1541 ) ( also referred to as Paracelsus, from his belief that his studies were above or beyond the work of Celsus-a Roman physician from the first century ) is also considered " the father " of toxicology.

Paracelsus is credited as the first to make mention of an unconscious aspect of cognition in his work Von den Krankheiten ( translates as " About illnesses ", 1567 ), and his clinical methodology created a cogent system that is regarded by some as the beginning of modern scientific psychology.

Paracelsus ' major work On the Miners ' Sickness and Other Diseases of Miners documented the occupational hazards of metalworking including treatment and prevention strategies.

* Publication of the Chirurgia Magna of Paracelsus, a translation into Latin of his work on surgery, Die grosse Wundartzney ( 1536 ), in Basel, allowing its wider dissemination throughout Europe.

Paracelsus ' work is known to have inspired Michael Faraday to prepare the first pure sample of colloidal gold, which he called ' activated gold ', in 1857.

The work was awarded with the Paracelsus prize by the Swedish Paracelsus Society and was published in an extended second edition in 2004.

In the 16th century, Christian missionaries from Spain and Portugal first encountered indigenous peoples using ayahuasca in South America ; their earliest reports described it as the work of the devil.

The English word " amputation " was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowe's A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie ( published in either 1597 or 1612 ); his work was derived from 16th century French texts and early English writers also used the words " extirpation " ( 16th century French texts tended to use extirper ), " disarticulation ", and " dismemberment " ( from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal ), or simply " cutting ", but by the end of the 17th century " amputation " had come to dominate as the accepted medical term.

* New Birth, a 16th century work by anabaptist preacher Menno Simons, c. 1537, revised c. 1550

Spain and Portugal had brought African slaves to work at African colonies such as Cape Verde and the Azores, and then Latin America, by the 16th century.

For a 16th century " Lollard " reformer view, reference can be made to the work of

No Hebrew work published in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries ( even in Prague ) is aware that the Maharal created a golem.

In the 16th century this work had been translated into Latin and Italian, being renamed the Clavicula Salomonis or the Key of Solomon.

Few academics argue that the text, in its present form, dates back any earlier than the 14th – 16th centuries ; although a minority see it as containing portions of an earlier work, and almost all would detect the influence of earlier sources — over and above the Vulgate text of the Latin Bible.

It is, in fact, full of theatrical codes harking back to the Dadaists ' Vox Humana experiments after World War One, Alphonse de Lamartine's " La Voix humaine ", part of his larger work Harmonies poétiques et religieuses and the effect of the creation of the Vox Humana (" voix humaine "), an organ stop of the Regal Class by Church organ masters ( late 16th century ) that attempted to imitate the human voice but never succeeded in doing better than the sound of a male chorus at a distance.

Hugh Marwick's work has shown the name developing from ' Rollesay ' in the 14th century, through ' Rolsay ' in the 15th, and ' Rowsay ' in the early 16th, with the spelling ' Rousay ' first recorded in 1549.

Aside from elementary work by Girolamo Cardano in the 16th century, the doctrine of probabilities dates to the correspondence of Pierre de Fermat and Blaise Pascal ( 1654 ).

In the early 16th century, there is another trend towards simplification, as can be seen to some degree in the work of Josquin des Prez and his contemporaries in the Franco-Flemish School, then later in that of G. P. Palestrina, who was partially reacting to the strictures of the Council of Trent, which discouraged excessively complex polyphony as inhibiting understanding the text.

Colonna's work was a great influence on the Franciscan monk François Rabelais, who in the 16th century, used Thélème, the French form of the word, as the name of a fictional Abbey in his novels, Gargantua and Pantagruel.

Modern work on gravitational theory began with the work of Galileo Galilei in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

It houses a poloptych of the Madonna di Loreto ( 16th century ), work of a local master.

When it was revived by Tartaglia and others in the 16th century, it became the basis for quantitative work in science for a century, until it was replaced by the algebraic methods of Descartes.

Two mIdwives assisting a woman in labour on a birth chair in the 16th century, from a work by Eucharius Rößlin.

Originating in 12th century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as " Frankish work " (), with the term Gothic first appearing during the latter part of the Renaissance.

A specialized form of lapidary work is the inlaying of marble and gemstones into a marble matrix, known in English as " pietra dura " for the hardstones like onyx, jasper and carnelian that are used, but called in Florence and Naples, where the technique was developed in the 16th century, opere di commessi.

Writing in the 1960s, the historian Gene Weltfish drew from earlier work of Wissler and Spinden to suggest that the sacrificial practice might have been transferred in the early 16th century from the Aztec of present-day Mexico.

Although Petruchio is not characterised as a violent man, he still embodies the subjugation and objectification of women during the 16th century as manifested in many stories of this nature ; " The object of the tale was simply to put the shrew to work, to restore her ( frequently through some gruesome form of punishment ) to her proper productive place within the household economy.

Founded in the 7th century, Bath Abbey was reorganised in the 10th century and rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries ; major restoration work was carried out by Sir George Gilbert Scott in the 1860s.

The palace as it is today is the work of many French monarchs, building on an early 16th century structure of Francis I.

Throughout the work of the later ninth century a calm, severe serenity displays itself.

The ninth century was in its artistic work `` the spiritually freest and most self-sufficient between past and future '', and the loving skill spent by its artists upon their products is a testimonial to their sense that what they were doing was important and was appreciated.

Biruni's tradition of comparative cross-cultural study continued in the Muslim world through to Ibn Khaldun's work in the fourteenth century.

The prototype for this model can be found in Bolos of Mendes ' second century BCE work, Physika kai Mystika ( On Physical and Mystical Matters ).

At the start of a new industrial age in the 18th century, it was believed that " people are the riches of the nation ", and there was a general faith in an economy that paid its workers low wages because high wages meant workers would work less.

In The Quest, Schweitzer reviewed all former work on the " historical Jesus " back to the late 18th century.

** This is a distinguished work which stands out from, and above, many of the books and articles which have ben written in this century on Avicenna ( Ibn Sīnā ) ( A. D. 980 – 1037 ).

In the nineteenth century the major figures of mathematical acoustics were Helmholtz in Germany, who consolidated the field of physiological acoustics, and Lord Rayleigh in England, who combined the previous knowledge with his own copious contributions to the field in his monumental work The Theory of Sound ( 1877 ).

His chief work is a Historia Francorum, or Libri v de Gestis Francorum, which deals with the history of the Franks from the earliest times to 653, and was continued by other writers until the middle of the twelfth century.

The chief authorities on the career of Alaric are: the historian Orosius and the poet Claudian, both contemporary, neither disinterested ; Zosimus, a historian who lived probably about half a century after Alaric's death ; and Jordanes, a Goth who wrote the history of his nation in 551, basing his work on The Trojan War.

Details of his life are described in a work by the 10th century Welsh scholar and bishop Asser.

The 4-volume work was an imaginary travel journal, one of the first historical novels, which Klemperer called " the encyclopedia of the new cult of the antique " in the late 18th century.

Anaxagoras wrote a book of philosophy, but only fragments of the first part of this have survived, through preservation in work of Simplicius of Cilicia in the sixth century AD.

Since Alexander's work in the field came at the turn of the century, his ideas influenced many originators in the field of mind-body improvement.

André Weil (; 6 May 1906 – 6 August 1998 ) was an influential French mathematician of the 20th century, renowned for the breadth and quality of his research output, its influence on future work, and the elegance of his exposition.

According to John T. Townsend, " it is not before the last decades of the second century that one finds undisputed traces of the work.

His work, a commentary on Plato's Timaeus, is lost, but Proclus, a Neoplatonist of the fifth century AD, reports on it.

The 4th century historian Ammianus Marcellinus, relying on a lost work by Timagenes, a historian writing in the 1st century BC, writes that the Druids of Gaul said that part of the inhabitants of Gaul had migrated there from distant islands.

Augustine ( 354 – 430 ) applied the title Confessions to his autobiographical work, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau used the same title in the 18th century, initiating the chain of confessional and sometimes racy and highly self-critical, autobiographies of the Romantic era and beyond.

The first autobiographical work in Islamic society was written in the late 11th century, by Abdallah ibn Buluggin, last Zirid king of Granada.

Salieri's Chimney Sweep and Mozart's work for the same company in 1782, Die Entführung aus dem Serail ( The Abduction from the Seraglio ) would be the only two major successes to emerge from the German singspiel experiment, and only Mozart's opera would survive on the stage beyond the close of the 18th century.

In this work, Heschel views the 2nd century sages Rabbis Akiva ben Yosef and Ishmael ben Elisha as paradigms for the two dominant world-views in Jewish theology