These tubes may differ both in the choice of the electron optical system and in the design of the coupling members.

These are graphs of ψ ( x, y, z ) functions which depend on the coordinates of one electron.

These names indicate the orbital shape and are used to describe the electron configurations.

These states are labeled by a set of quantum numbers summarized in the term symbol and usually associated with particular electron configurations, i. e., by occupation schemes of atomic orbitals ( e. g., 1s < sup > 2 </ sup > 2s < sup > 2 </ sup > 2p < sup > 6 </ sup > for the ground state of neon -- term symbol: < sup > 1 </ sup > S < sub > 0 </ sub >).

These orbits were stabilized in the model by the fact that when an electron moved farther from the center of the positive cloud, it felt a larger net positive inward force, because there was more material of opposite charge, inside its orbit ( see Gauss's law ).

These regions may be initiated by field electron emission, but are then sustained by localized thermionic emission once a vacuum arc forms.

These capacitors are biased above the threshold for inversion when image acquisition begins, allowing the conversion of incoming photons into electron charges at the semiconductor-oxide interface ; the CCD is then used to read out these charges.

These are used in cathode ray tubes, found in televisions and computer monitors, and in electron microscopes.

These large-scale technological program demonstrations were joined by integrated circuit research, which resulted in submicrometre electronic technology and electron devices that evolved into the Very Large Scale Integration ( VLSI ) Program and the Congressionally mandated charged particle beam program.

These disturbances are called " lightning-induced electron precipitation " ( LEP ) events.

These microscopes have the same resolution limit as wide field optical and electron microscopes.

These numerical co-incidences refer to such quantities as the ratio of the age of the universe to the atomic unit of time, the number of electrons in the universe, and the difference in strengths between gravity and the electric force for the electron and proton.

These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains.

These materials are known as negative electron affinity materials.

These contain strontium-82, which decays by electron capture to positron-emitting rubidium-82.

These electrons are shuttled through an electron transport chain, the so-called Z-scheme shown in the diagram, that initially functions to generate a chemiosmotic potential across the membrane.

These absorptions and emissions, often referred to as atomic spectral lines, are due to electronic transitions of an outer shell electron to an excited state.

These, and the HEMTs ( high electron mobility transistors, or HFETs ), in which a two-dimensional electron gas with very high carrier mobility is used for charge transport, are especially suitable for use at very high frequencies ( microwave frequencies ; several GHz ).

These angled plates ( not to be confused with the anode ) focus the electron stream onto certain spots on the anode which can withstand the heat generated by the impact of massive numbers of electrons, while also providing pentode behavior.

These types may still be referred to as " electron tubes " as they do perform electronic functions.

These results were not confirmed until 1915, when Robert Andrews Millikan, who had previously determined the charge of the electron, produced experimental results in perfect accord with Einstein's predictions.

These electrons are then directed into an electron multiplier for analysis.

These instruments are designed as if to be specifically used in combined scanning electron microscopes ( SEMs ).

These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells.

These axons transmit signals in the form of electrochemical pulses called action potentials, which last less than a thousandth of a second and travel along the axon at speeds of 1 – 100 meters per second.

These pulses will repeat at the round trip time, that is, the time that it takes light to complete one round trip between the mirrors comprising the resonator.

These pulses are included physically within pre-existing recordings on VHS and Betamax, and generated upon playback by a chip in DVD players and digital cable / satellite boxes.

These can be used to create pulses of neutrons, they have been used for some activation work where the decay of the target isotope is very rapid.

These pulses can couple in unexpected ways between multiple integrated circuit packages, resulting in reduced noise margin and lower performance.

These sampled pulses may then be sent either directly by a channel to the receiving end or may be made to modulated using a carrier wave before transmission.

These may be made from tofu, seitan, nuts, pulses, mycoprotein, soya protein, vegetables or any combination of similar ingredients that will hold together during cooking.

These changes can act upon the brain ’ s early stages of information processing: Research using evoked brain potentials upon painful laser pulses, for example, finds placebo effects upon the N2 – P2, a biphasic negative – positive complex response, the N2 peak of which is at about 230 ms, and the P2 one at about 380 ms.

These spectrograms show many signals, which may include VLF transmitters, the horizontal electron beam deflection of TV sets and sometimes superpulses and twenty second pulses.

These gate pulses are characterized in terms of gate trigger voltage ( V < sub > GT </ sub >) and gate trigger current ( I < sub > GT </ sub >).

These pulses do not affect the image a consumer sees on his TV, but do confuse the recording-level circuitry of consumer VCRs.

These pulses occur separated in time by, where τ is the time taken for the light to make exactly one round trip of the laser cavity.

These values represent the shortest possible Gaussian pulses consistent with the laser's linewidth ; in a real mode-locked laser, the actual pulse duration depends on many other factors, such as the actual pulse shape, and the overall dispersion of the cavity.

These pulses are received by ships of the green fleet with two-second intervals as measured in green time.

These are click trains, which are made of numerous individual clicks, usually broadband signals that change from low value to high value quickly, burst pulses, which are individual clicks with high repetition and can be heard by humans only as a buzzing sound and whistles, which are signals that are pure-tones and whose frequency varies depending on the time.

These pulses are small, nominally the same duration, and cause the charge pump to produce equal-charge positive and negative current pulses when the phase is perfectly matched.

These lasers are mainly used in scientific research because of their tunability and their ability to generate ultrashort pulses.

These devices generate ultrashort, ultra-high-intensity pulses with a duration of 20 to 100 femtoseconds.

These are named with respect to their distinctive structure and include, March Time ( usually 120 pulses per minute but sometimes at 90 pulses or 20 pulses per minute, depending on the panel ), Hi-Lo ( two different tones that alternate ), Slow-Whoop ( slow rising sweep upwards in tone ) among others.

These tanks can last 4 – 6 hours when used with a conserving regulator, which senses the patient's breathing rate and sends pulses of oxygen.