These balls are moving in great circles and ellipses, and are of course, the electrons, the particles of negative electricity which by their action create the forces that tie this atom of calcium to the neighboring atoms of oxygen and make up the solid structure of my finger bone.

These were discovered by Carl D. Anderson in 1932 and named positrons ( a contraction of " positive electrons ").

These he interpreted as " negative-energy electrons " and attempted to identify them with protons in his 1930 paper A Theory of Electrons and Protons However, these " negative-energy electrons " turned out to be positrons, and not protons.

These electrons cause the nuclei to be attracted to each other, and this attraction results in the bond.

These newly added electrons potentially occupy a lower energy-state ( effectively closer to more nuclear charge ) than they experience in a different atom.

These electrons are bound to the metal lattice but no longer to an individual atom.

These perturbations result in different arrangement of electrons in the excited state of the involved molecules and therefore in different effects.

These layers of fixed positive and negative charges, collectively known as the depletion layer because they are depleted of free electrons and holes.

These freed electrons and ions are in turn accelerated and strike other atoms, creating more charge carriers, in a chain reaction.

These two properties are not contradictory, because in the optimal geometrical arrangement, there is more magnetic moment from the sublattice of electrons that point in one direction, than from the sublattice that points in the opposite direction.

These numerical co-incidences refer to such quantities as the ratio of the age of the universe to the atomic unit of time, the number of electrons in the universe, and the difference in strengths between gravity and the electric force for the electron and proton.

These are accelerated by an electrostatic field where they strike a phosphor coated screen, converting the electrons back into photons.

These electrons are then used in the reactions that turn carbon dioxide into organic compounds.

These weakly bound electrons can move about in the crystal lattice relatively freely and can facilitate conduction in the presence of an electric field.

These include photon scanning microscopy ( PSTM ), which uses an optical tip to tunnel photons ; scanning tunneling potentiometry ( STP ), which measures electric potential across a surface ; spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy ( SPSTM ), which uses a ferromagnetic tip to tunnel spin-polarized electrons into a magnetic sample, and atomic force microscopy ( AFM ), in which the force caused by interaction between the tip and sample is measured.

These excited electrons can tunnel across the barrier.

These electrodes are referred to as grids as they are not solid electrodes but sparse elements through which electrons can pass on their way to the plate.

These angled plates ( not to be confused with the anode ) focus the electron stream onto certain spots on the anode which can withstand the heat generated by the impact of massive numbers of electrons, while also providing pentode behavior.

These electrons are then directed into an electron multiplier for analysis.

These secondary peaks, not to be confused with high energy satellites which are discussed later, arise from the presence of the same element in multiple different chemical states on a surface ( i. e. Adsorbate layers ) or from relaxation transitions involving valence band electrons of the substrate.

These atoms can also turn into ions and electrons if they reach a certain temperature.

These electrons can be provided from a hot cathode filament and when accelerated in the electrical field of the cathode, fall to the anode ( Kaufman type ion thruster ).

These changes can be represented in formulas by inserting appropriate electrons into each half-reaction:

These are just another couple of characters to roll.

These men are not callous.

These things are important to almost all Persians and perhaps most important to the most ordinary.

These are traversed by another line of vaults, and thus rooms, arched on all four sides, are formed.

These songs ( practically all Persian music, for that matter ) are limited to a range of two octaves.

These are not, however, differences in federal structure.

These my grandmother left in their places ( they are still there, more persistent and longer-lived than the generations of man ) and planted others like them, that flourished without careful tending.

These are like the initial ways in which the world forces itself upon the self and thrusts the self into decision and choice.

These are suggestive of Selma Lagerlof.

These assumptions lead to an organization with one man at the top, six directly under him, six under each of these, and so on until there are six levels of personnel.

These ways are absolutely irreconcilable because they offer two different recipes for man's redemption from chaos.

These responses are explicable in terms of characteristics inherent in the crisis.

These discoveries are of present interest chiefly to the scientific community ; ;

These are personality factors ; ;

These are, if the research is done with subtlety and skill, researchable topics, but the research is missing.

These moments are historical events in the lives of individual authors with which the student of comparative literature must be frequently concerned.

These lives are in themselves outside of the moral order and are unburdened with moral responsibility.

These conceptions and the manner in which they were transposed into poetry or engendered by poetic form are intrinsic to western life from the time of Aeschylus to that of Shakespeare.

These biographical analogies are obvious, and far too much time has been spent speculating on their possible implications.

These women whose organization grew out of the old suffrage movement are dedicated to Thomas Jefferson's dictum that one must cherish the people's spirit but `` Keep alive their attention ''.

These are, of course, the same people whose support he has only now rejected to seek the independent vote.

These are New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Maryland, Missouri, New Jersey, Illinois and Minnesota.

These men are spenders.