These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

These are known as GSR guarantees or " guaranteed service refunds "; if the parcels are not delivered on time, the customer is entitled to a refund.

These included the constitution's most distinctive features: the symbolic role of the Emperor, the prominence of guarantees of civil and human rights, and the renunciation of war.

These operating systems are generally preemptive and have deterministic guarantees with regard to response times.

These guarantees were instead received from the Grain Growers Grain Company ( GGG ), a Manitoba-based equivalent of the AFCEC.

These guarantees, combined with a strategic location at the crossroads of Mediterranean shipping, allowed the islands to prosper.

These are not tradable as the guarantees on the policy are much lower and there is no gap between the surrender value and the market value.

These guarantees include:

These syndication protocols accept higher latency and lack of delivery guarantees in exchange for the ability for even a low-end web server to syndicate messages to ( potentially ) millions of separate subscriber nodes.

These items consist of the Material Shield and Magic Shield, which makes one ally invunerable to physical attacks and magical attacks for three turns, respectively ; the Power Up and Speed Up items, which double the power or speed of one ally for three turns, respectively ; the Pandemionum, which forces an enemy to attack one ally for three turns, the Speed Down, which halves the speed of an enemy for three turns, the Magic Signet Stone, which blocks a minor enemy's actions for three turns, the Power Down, halving an enemy's attack and defense for three turns, the Smoke Ball, which guarantees escape from battle, and the Psyche Bomb X, a non elemental multi hit attack item which is the strongest in the game.

These carriers accepted loan guarantees worth $ 1. 179 billion.

These security guarantees are difficult to

These developments gave rise to the Islamist and Islamic movement opposed to the increasing communist and Soviet influence over Afghanistan.

These boards gave precision as well as some extra distance to these weapons.

These scars gave him the nickname " Scarface.

These elaborations and disputes gave rise to various schools in early Buddhism of Abhidhamma, and to the Mahayana traditions and schools of the prajnaparamita, Madhyamaka, buddha-nature and Yogacara.

These uniforms differentiated them from the Army and the Regular RIC, and gave rise to the force's nickname: Christopher O ' Sullivan wrote in the Limerick Echo on 25 March 1920 that, meeting a group of recruits on a train at Limerick Junction, the attire of one reminded him of the Scarteen Hunt, whose " Black and Tans " nickname derived from the coloration of its Kerry Beagles.

These early experimental designs later gave rise to the era of specialized supercomputers like those made by Cray Inc.

These colorful, small-patterned printed fabrics gave rise to the use of the word calico to describe a cat coat color: " calico cat ".

The Eagles gave nods to disco with " One of These Nights " ( 1975 ) and " Disco Strangler " ( 1979 ), Paul McCartney & Wings did " Goodnight Tonight " ( 1979 ), Queen did " Another One Bites the Dust " ( 1980 ), The Rolling Stones did " Miss You " ( 1978 ), Chicago did " Street Player " ( 1979 ), The Beach Boys did " Here Comes the Night " ( 1979 ), The Kinks did "( Wish I Could Fly Like ) Superman " ( 1979 ), and the J. Geils Band did " Come Back " ( 1980 ).

These professional writings gave him a place and memorial in Albrecht von Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinae Practicae ( 1779 ).

These new features gave Godzilla a more reptilian / dinosaurian appearance.

These investigations and results of Whipple's gave Minot and Murphy the idea that an experiment could be made to see whether favorable results might also be obtained in the case of pernicious anemia ... by making use of the foods of the kind that Whipple had found to yield favorable results in his experiments regarding anemia from loss of blood.

These errors in strategic and political judgement gave Tiberius reason enough to recall his nephew.

These export industries gave the Malayan government a healthy surplus to invest in industrial development and infrastructure projects.

These laws gave the local population a legal, nonviolent way to stem the activities of witches.

These positive developments gave momentum and a surge of members, so by 1886, the Knights had over 700, 000 members.

These gifts were intended to cement relations between the two countries, building on the trade agreement signed in 1581 that gave English merchants priority in the Ottoman region.

These family members gave their name to town lands called Ballymooney both in that county and in the neighboring county of Leix.

These annual events gave the tribes a sense of common identity and made Mecca an important focus for the peninsula.

These slowly gave way to the idea of selling lifestyles.

These small lizard-like animals quickly gave rise to many descendants.

These and other developments hint that the retroactive rediscovery of Feynman ’ s “ Plenty of Room ” gave nanotechnology a packaged history that provided an early date of December 1959, plus a connection to the charisma and genius of Richard Feynman.

These three points were the only ones used until the close of the fifteenth century, when Aldo Manuccio gave a better shape to the comma, and added the semicolon ; the comma denoting the shortest pause, the semicolon next, then the colon, and the full point terminating the sentence.

These simple executive tasks naturally gave the Prime Minister ascendancy over his Cabinet colleagues.

These collaborations enabled Wertico to be featured on group recordings in a variety of musical genres, and gave him an opportunity to produce records.

These 3000 men ( twenty maniples of 120 men, and ten maniples of 60 men ), together with about 1200 velites and 300 cavalry gave the mid Republican (" manipular ") legion a nominal strength of about 4500 men.

These are becoming more and more available through the work of counties and other government agencies.

These sets were expanded in 1963 to 7 bits of coding, called the American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII ) as the Federal Information Processing Standard which replaced the incompatible teleprinter codes in use by different branches of the U. S. government.

These Greek city-states reached great levels of prosperity that resulted in an unprecedented cultural boom, that of classical Greece, expressed in architecture, drama, science, mathematics and philosophy, and nurtured in Athens under a democratic government.

These releases were kept secret by the federal government until the release of declassified documents in the late 1980s.

These are usually the coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation's money supply.

These included the government system of Three Departments and Six Ministries, standard coinage, improved defense and expansion of the Great Wall, and official support for Buddhism.

These benefits had been legislated for the previous year by Churchill ’ s Family Allowances Act 1945, and was the first measure pushed through parliament by Attlee ’ s government.

These images were used in over 200 black newspapers across the country by the government to " foster goodwill with the black citizenry ,".

These passes ( and others dated 1700 ) resurfaced in the early twentieth century, misfiled with other government papers in a London building.

These opponents of central planning argue that the only way to determine what society actually wants is by allowing private enterprise to use their resources in competing to meet the needs of consumers, rather those taking resources away and allowing government to direct investment without responding to market signals.

These parties included the preceding government, the rebel groups that were fighting against the government, with heavy Rwandan and Ugandan support, the internal opposition parties, and the Civil Society.

These stories frequently show the activities of many members of a police force or government agency in their efforts to apprehend a killer who is selecting victims on some obscure basis.

These terms, however, do not apply to other beneficiaries of government spending such as tax incentives and military spending.

These restrictions effectively give the British Government the ability to prevent the island's government from declaring the islands to be a tax haven or from establishing a central bank.

These give more specific instructions on how to apply statutes, which often explicitly delegate regulation of specific details to the government.

These laws were intended to promote the production of media arts, including film scenery, and stipulate that the government – on both the national and local levels – must lend aid in order to preserve film media.

These ranged from Royalists who wished to place King Charles II on the throne, to men like Oliver Cromwell, who wished to govern with a Parliament voted in by an electorate determined by property ownership, similar to that enfranchised before the civil war, to the Levellers, influenced by the writings of John Lilburne, who wanted parliamentary government based on an electorate constituted of every head of household ( normally though not necessarily male as was acknowledged in the Putney Debates ), through to other groups with smaller followings like the Fifth Monarchists, Gerrard Winstanley and the Diggers, the Ranters, and the Society of Friends ( Quakers ).

These specifications are contained in an executive order which, strictly speaking, governs only flags made for or by the U. S. federal government.

These critics range from those who reject markets entirely, in favour of a planned economy, such as that advocated by various Marxists, to those who wish to see market failures regulated to various degrees or supplemented by government interventions.

These events marked the first time under the new constitution that the federal government used strong military force to exert authority over the states and citizens.

These talks led to the Paris Accords in November 1994, under which several opposition figures were included in a government of national unity, and constitutional reforms were approved in a referendum in 1995.

These talks led to the Paris Accords in November 1994 in which several opposition figures were included in a government of national unity.

These proposals, however, are not seen as favorable by the U. S. federal government, which argues Guam does not have the financial stability or self sufficiency to warrant such status.

These groups — the Nazi party and government leadership, the German General Staff and High Command ( OKW ); the Sturmabteilung ( SA ); the Schutzstaffel ( SS ), including the Sicherheitsdienst ( SD ); and the Gestapo — had an aggregate membership exceeding two million, making a large number of their members liable to trial if the organisations were convicted.