These historians point towards the unstable oligarchies established by Lysander in the former Athenian Empire and the failures of Spartan leaders ( such as Pausanias and Kleombrotos ) for the eventually suppression of Spartan power.

These included celibacy of the clergy, end of simony and autonomy of the Church from secular leaders ( lack of autonomy was known as lay investiture ).

These local customs are referred to as differences in typica and are accepted by church leaders since they are not perceived to conflict theologically with basic Orthodox teachings.

" These younger leaders have repeatedly expressed frustration with the entrenched corruption in the party, which has been run by the " Old Guard " who returned from exile in Tunisia following the Oslo Accords.

These changes to the symbol were due to revolutionary leaders believing the symbol was inciting violence among the common citizens.

These included the non-violent resistance of Hans and Sophie Scholl, two leaders of the White Rose student group.

These leaders are known as the " Rashidun " or " rightly guided " Caliphs in Sunni Islam.

These four are all roshei yeshiva ( i. e., rabbinic leaders ) at the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary at Yeshiva University, the largest and most influential Modern Orthodox rabbinic program in America.

These countries conduct democratic elections, although some are also under the influence of authoritarian leaders.

These were not recognized as authoritative by the religious leaders at that time, however.

These kings and leaders, with the exception of Fritigern, and the possible exception of Alavivus, were pagans.

These actions were encouraged by Soviet Union leaders until it was decided to use Vilnius as one of the pretexts to begin interfering in Lithuanian internal affairs.

These clashes convinced some factions in the Japanese government that they should focus on conciliating the Soviet government to avoid interference in the war against China and instead turn their military attention southward, towards the US and European holdings in the Pacific, and also prevented the sacking of experienced Soviet military leaders such as Georgy Zhukov, who would later play a vital role in the defence of Moscow.

These Michigan graduates include the discoverer of several new australopithecine species, the first paleoanthropologist to debunk the hominid status of Ramapithecus, the leaders in the study of late Pleistocene European evolution, three past or present chairs ( or heads ) of anthropology departments, and the past president of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, and the editor of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology.

These people buried their leaders in large tumuli containing shaft graves, similar to the Mycenaean tombs, indicating an ancestral link between Epirus and the Mycenaean civilization.

These newly created positions were on the same administrative level as division leaders, and Ulam held his until he retired from Los Alamos.

These individuals are today commonly recorded as the " leaders " of their respective nations ; recording their legal, correct title would not give an accurate assessment of their power.

These quotes directly from Mao led to other actions by the Red Guards in the views of other Maoist leaders.

These mutual deployments led to a destabilizing strategic situation, which was exacerbated by malfunctioning U. S. and Soviet missile launch early warning systems, a Soviet intelligence gap that prevented the Soviets from getting a " read " on the strategic intentions of U. S. leaders, as well as inflammatory U. S. rhetoric combined with classical Soviet mistrust of the NATO powers.

These leaders were divided as to whether Edward or Æthelred should succeed Edgar.

These funds alone would be sufficient to entice political leaders into abandoning the interests of their constituents in favor of serving personal and party interests.

These favourable conditions also facilitated many changes inside the Communist leaders: the more hard-line and firmer force finally gained the upper hand and defeated the opportunists.

These included infighting between China's qigong establishment and Falun Gong, speculation over blackmailing and lobbying by qigong opponents and " scientists-cum-ideologues with political motives and affiliations with competing central Party leaders ", which caused the shift in the state's position, and the struggles from mid-1996 to mid-1999 between Falun Gong and the Chinese power elite over the status and treatment of the movement.

These leaders eventually became the provincial rulers, each with a recognized seat of government.

These will serve as lifting pads for the electrical contacts.

These bunks also serve as a fence, so part of the additional cost must be attributed to the fence.

These changes represent, in effect, a shift from ( 1 ) an administrative compilation of data obtained through procedures designed primarily to serve political and economic objectives to ( 2 ) a systematic sampling census of the whole African population.

`` These actions should serve to protect in fact and in effect the court's wards from undue costs and its appointed and elected servants from unmeritorious criticisms '', the jury said.

These men -- for the most part educated in our `` best '' New England colleges, well established financially and socially in the community -- under kindly but insistent probing, reveal little or no objective or explicit criteria or data for their generalizations about the interests and attitudes of the people they claim to serve, or about the public responses that actually follow their occasional breach of a `` client-service relationship ''.

These " abbots " are appointed by the brothers and sisters of Redwall to serve as a superior and provide paternal care, much like real abbots.

These papal bulls came to serve as a justification for the subsequent era of slave trade and European colonialism.

These numbers provide valuable services to the customers they serve ; it is, therefore, inadvisable to misuse them.

These conventions allow some operators in both languages to serve both as predicates ( answering a boolean-valued question ) and as returning a useful value for further computation, but in Scheme the value '() which is equivalent to NIL in Common Lisp evaluates to true in a boolean expression.

These higher speeds better serve the longer distances involved.

These myths often depict creation as the result of a sexual union, and serve as genealogical record of the deities born from it.

These controls serve the purpose to maintain the system's quality attributes, among them confidentiality, integrity, availability, accountability and assurance.

These films leave the impression that Clark Kent is really a secret identity that is used to enable Superman to serve humanity better, rather than just a role to help him assimilate into the human community.

These are trained to serve out of fear until they obtain sufficient knowledge to serve out of love.

These provide both a means for cruising sailors to stay in touch with families and loved ones and equally serve to propagate the lifestyle and share information between cruisers and ' want-to-be ' cruisers.

These two " Official Declarations " are not revelations, but they serve as the formal announcements that a revelation was received.

These formulas can even serve as the definition of the trigonometric functions for complex arguments x.

These influences serve to reinforce the conclusion that the Book of Exodus originated in the exiled Jewish community of 6th-century Babylon, but not all the sources are Mesopotamian: the story of Moses's flight to Midian following the murder of the Egyptian overseer may draw on the Egyptian Tale of Sinuhe.

These ethnic distinctions and subdivisions serve to define each ethnicity's unique cultural identity.

These fossils serve as a reminder that taxonomic divisions are human constructs that have been imposed in hindsight on a continuum of variation.

These trains usually connect larger agglomerations to the suburban areas, although in the case of the Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn these also serve as a method of interurban transport between large cities.

These tunnels serve as both a hiding place for the characters and as a place of secrets.

These offices serve as the official representative of the Government of the Hong Kong SAR in these countries.

These used three crankshafts to serve three banks of double-ended cylinders arranged in an equilateral triangle with the crankshafts at the corners.