This 19th-century concept was then superseded by Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity.

The modern concept of the master race in general derives from 19th-century racial theory, which posited a hierarchy of races based on darkness of skin color.

The concept of maternal impression — that the emotional experiences of pregnant women could have lasting physical effect on their unborn children — was still common in 19th-century England.

The concept of intentionality was reintroduced in 19th-century contemporary philosophy by the philosopher and psychologist Franz Brentano in his work Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint ( 1874 ).

The concept of shtetl culture is used as a metaphor for the traditional way of life of 19th-century Eastern European Jews.

This is similar in concept to the traditional Finnish hunting knife, the " puukko " ( though the typical early 19th-century Bowie knife was far larger and heavier than the typical puukko ).

A similar concept, with aristocracy in place of capitalism, comes from the 19th-century philosopher Alexander Herzen, who in From the Other Shore ( 1855 ) wrote " It is they, none other, who are dying of cold and hunger ... while you and I in our rooms on the first floor are chatting about socialism ' over pastry and champagne.

The term derives from Franz Reuleaux, a 19th-century German engineer who did pioneering work on ways that machines translate one type of motion into another, although the concept was known before his time.

Herbert Spencer was a 19th-century English philosopher who developed ideas about the unifying concept of evolution across the natural and social sciences.

The informed judge is a concept that 19th-century political philosopher John Stuart Mill used when describing utilitarianism.

Joachim was a proponent of the late 19th-century concept of leaving the studio and painting in nature.

In addition to his scientific work, he was a social activist who was critical of what he considered to be an unjust social and economic system in 19th-century Britain.

Among the changes starting in the 19th-century gold rushes was the introduction of words, spellings, terms and usages from North American English.

To many 19th-century Europeans, this was scandalous.

Their accuracy has been called into question, however ( e. g., by Chauncey Brewster Tinker in The Translations of Beowulf, a comprehensive survey of 19th-century translations and editions of Beowulf ), and the extent to which the manuscript was actually more readable in Thorkelin's time is unclear.

Present-day written Bulgarian language was standardized on the basis of the 19th-century Bulgarian vernacular.

It has also been suggested that 19th-century bunyip lore was reinforced by imported European memories, such as that of the Irish Púca.

In 1998, Pensacola Christian College produced a widely distributed videotape, arguing that this " leaven of fundamentalism " was passed from the 19th-century Princeton theologian Benjamin B. Warfield ( 1851 – 1921 ) to Charles Brokenshire ( 1885 – 1954 ), who served BJU as Dean of the School of Religion, and then to current BJU faculty members and graduates.

Classical philology was a major preoccupation of the 19th-century German

By the mid-20th century, the number of examples of people skipping stages, such as going from hunter-gatherers to post-industrial service occupations in one generation, were so numerous that 19th-century evolutionism was effectively disproved.

The game was viewed as a rather innocuous pastime – unlike the perception that diversions such as card playing or dancing were considered " works of the Devil " as held by many 19th-century Protestant groups.

Others believe it was a corrupted term of " Chilango ", meaning an inhabitant from Mexico City or Central Mexico ( i. e. the highland states of Mexico ( state ), Jalisco, Puebla ( state ) and Michoacán ); and even from the term " Chileno " by the Chilean presence in mid 19th-century California, when miners from Chile arrived in the California Gold Rush ( 1848 – 51 ).

The term classical liberalism was applied in retrospect to distinguish earlier 19th-century liberalism from the newer social liberalism.

* Gradačac Castle is a citadel, also a palace of Husein " Dragon Of Bosnia " Gradaščević who was a renowned 19th-century military Bosnian Captain, overlooking the historic core of Gradačac-National monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The French bow was not widely popular until its adoption by 19th-century virtuoso Giovanni Bottesini.

Historically, especially in late 18th-and early 19th-century Britain, a dandy, who was self-made, often strove to imitate an aristocratic lifestyle despite coming from a middle-class background.

" One of Lenin's challenges was distancing materialism, as a viable philosophical outlook, from the " vulgar materialism " expressed in the statement " the brain secretes thought in the same way as the liver secretes bile " ( attributed to 18th c. physician Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis, 1757 – 1808 ); " metaphysical materialism " ( matter composed of immutable particles ); and 19th-century " mechanical materialism " ( matter as random molecules interacting per the laws of mechanics ).

Edvard Munch (; 12 December 1863 – 23 January 1944 ) was a Norwegian painter and printmaker whose intensely evocative treatment of psychological themes built upon some of the main tenets of late 19th-century Symbolism and greatly influenced German Expressionism in the early 20th century.

Unlike most of the visual arts, opera was commercially profitable, accessible to most classes of society, and thus an effective means of reaching the 19th-century public.

As Greenwich Village was once a rural hamlet, to the north of the 17th century European settlement on Manhattan Island, its street layout is more haphazard than the grid pattern of the 19th-century grid plan ( based on the Commissioners ' Plan of 1811 ).

The piece was an extravaganza in which the classical Greek gods, grown elderly, are temporarily replaced by a troupe of 19th-century actors and actresses, one of whom is the eponymous Thespis, the Greek father of the drama.

Apart from some western troupes ' 19th-century visits, the first professional performance of Hamlet in Japan was Otojiro Kawakami's 1903 Shimpa (" new school theatre ") adaptation.

Another political issue in 19th-century Greece was uniquely Greek: the language question.

The modern sophisticated instrument spanning 6½ octaves in virtually all keys was perfected by the 19th-century French maker Sébastien Érard and because of its pedal-driven ability to play all sharps and flats of all notes within its range, it continues today as the standard style of most large professional concert harps.

The emancipation of the serfs in 1861 was the single most important event in 19th-century Russian history.

The Great Man Theory is a 19th-century idea according to which history can be largely explained by the impact of " great men ", or heroes: highly influential individuals who, due to either their personal charisma, intelligence, wisdom, or political skill utilized their power in a way that had a decisive historical impact.

In 19th-century Europe, the expansion of the rail transport networks was at first largely a matter for private railway companies, but gradually came under control of the national governments.

Except in representing actual cults in Italy, this is largely 19th-century usage ; modern works distinguish Jupiter from Zeus.

A series of Gothic revivals began in mid-18th century England, spread through 19th-century Europe and continued, largely for ecclesiastical and university structures, into the 20th century.

Primitive promiscuity ( or original promiscuity ), was the ( largely discredited ) 19th-century hypothesis that humans originally lived in a state of promiscuity or " hetaerism " prior to the advent of society as we understand it.

The present appearance of the street is largely the result of 19th-century redevelopment.

The campus is largely rural with 19th-century architecture.

19th-century Hungarian historians largely supported the migration theory, which maintained that Transylvania was not inhabited by Romanians at the time of the Magyar conquests in central Europe during the 10th century.

Coquet Island also holds the remaining structure of a medieval monastery on the south western shore, which was largely incorporated into the 19th-century lighthouse and lighthouse keepers ' cottages.

The two groups had little initial interaction in America, as the 18th century Ulster immigrants were predominantly Protestant and had become settled largely in upland regions of the American interior, while the huge wave of 19th-century Catholic immigrant families settled primarily in the Northeast and Midwest port cities such as Boston, New York, or Chicago.

As only half of the initial goal of 10 inductees had been selected in 1936, members of the Baseball Writers Association of America ( BBWAA ) were once again given authority to select any players active in the 20th century ; but the unsuccessful 1936 Veterans Committee election for 19th-century players led to a smaller Centennial Commission choosing a handful of inductees whose contributions were largely as non-players.

The boundaries between these zones were drawn along the territorial boundaries of 19th-century German states and provinces that had largely disappeared with the unification of Germany in 1871.

There are two pubs, the Olde Gate, which has a 1616 datestone, and has a largely 19th-century interior, and the Miners Arms, which was modernised thirty years ago, and which was once the venue for the manor court and the lead miners ' Barmote Court.

They were further developed by 19th-century type designers, and largely displaced text figures in some contexts, such as newspaper and advertising typography.

From its inception, this school of thought has largely been unacceptable to Protestant evangelicalism, since neo-orthodoxy generally accepts biblical criticism and has remained mostly silent on the perceived conflicts caused by evolutionary science, and in espousing these two viewpoints, it retains at least some aspects of 19th-century liberal theology.

The later 19th-century European Philhellenism was largely to be found among the Classicists, a field undergoing a growing split between anthropological and Classicist approaches to ancient Greece.

The village comprises an old village at West Liss and the modern village, which congregated around the 19th-century Southern Railway station, which is largely Victorian and later.