She may have been Phrygia's State deity ; her Phrygian cult was adopted and adapted by Greek colonists of Asia Minor, and spread from there to mainland Greece and its more distant western colonies from around the 6th century BCE.

She is ancient Phrygia's only known goddess, and was probably the highest deity of the Phrygian State.

Agdistis () was a deity of Greek, Roman and Anatolian mythology, possessing both male and female sexual organs, connected with the Phrygian worship of Attis and Cybele.

Scholars have theorized that Agdistis is part of a continuum of androgynous Anatolian deities, including an ancient Phrygian deity probably named " Andistis " and one called " Adamma ", stretching all the way back to the ancient kingdom of Kizzuwatna in the 2nd millennium BC.

The Phrygian goddess otherwise bears little resemblance to Kubaba, who was a sovereign deity at Sardis, known to Greeks as Kybebe.

The Phrygian expansion into south east Anatolia was eventually halted by the Assyrians, who controlled that region.

It was written, according to the text, by Paul the Apostle to the Church in Colossae, a small Phrygian city near Laodicea and approximately 100 miles from Ephesus in Asia Minor.

1515, probably based on a drawing by Raphael, and using a composition derived from a Roman sarcophagus, was a highly influential treatment, which made Paris's Phrygian cap an attribute in most later versions.

The Phrygian city Midaeum was presumably named after this Midas, and this is probably also the Midas that according to Pausanias founded Ancyra.

Gold was perhaps not the only metallic source of Midas ' riches: " King Midas, a Phrygian, son of Cybele, first discovered black and white lead ".

* Phrygian Sibyl was the priestess presiding over an Apollonian oracle at Phrygia, a historical kingdom in the Anatolian highlands.

On the bottom was a cameo glass disc, also in blue and white, showing a head, presumed to be of Paris or Priam on the basis of the Phrygian cap it wears.

For many Romans, Egyptian Isis was an aspect of Phrygian Cybele, whose orgiastic rites were long-naturalized at Rome, indeed, she was known as Isis of Ten Thousand Names.

Tantalus is referred to as " Phrygian " and sometimes even as " King of Phrygia ", although his city was located in the western extremity of Anatolia where Lydia was to emerge as a state before the beginning of the first millennium BC, and not in the traditional heartland of Phrygia, situated more inland.

It was believed that the Phrygian prophets were possessed by evil spirits, and both Maximilla and Priscilla were the targets of failed exorcisms.

In Strabo's opinion, the original name of the Dacians was " daoi ", which Mircea Eliade in his De Zalmoxis à Genghis Khan explained with a possible Phrygian cognate " Daos ", the name of the wolf god.

The Phrygian King Midas was eager to learn from Silenus and caught the old man by lacing a fountain from which Silenus often drank.

In Homer, Rhea is the mother of the gods, though not a universal mother like Cybele, the Phrygian Great Mother, with whom she was later identified.

It was a stiff horn-like bonnet, which was made of gemmed brocade or cloth-of-gold and worn over the camauro, a fine linen cap with a structured peak reminiscent of the Phrygian cap, a classical symbol of liberty.

He was the second emperor of the Phrygian dynasty, and the last emperor supporting iconoclasm.

Michael III was the third and traditionally last member of the Amorian Dynasty, also known as the Phrygian Dynasty.

Pausanias mentions that Phliasians and Sicyonians claimed that its source was in fact the Phrygian and Carian river Maeander that purportedly descended underground where it appeared to enter the sea at Miletus and rose again in the Peloponnesos as Asopus.

Cybele ( Phrygian: Matar Kubileya / Kubeleya " Kubeleyan Mother ", perhaps " Mountain Mother "; Lydian Kuvava ; Kybele, Κυβήβη Kybebe, Κύβελις Kybelis ), was an originally Anatolian mother goddess.

Many of her Greek cults included rites to a divine Phrygian castrate shepherd-consort Attis, who was probably a Greek invention.

The color red become associated with patriotism early in the French Revolution due to the popularity of the Tricolour cockade, introduced in July 1789, and the Phrygian cap, introduced in May 1790.

On 20 June, " a mob of terrifying aspect " broke into the Tuileries and made the king wear the bonnet rouge ( red Phrygian cap ) to show his loyalty to France.

* Emperor Elagabalus, age 15, is initiated into the worship of the Phrygian gods Cybele and Attis.

Galli ) was a eunuch priest of the Phrygian goddess Cybele, whose worship was incorporated into the state religious practices of ancient Rome.

In fact, Dymas and his Phrygian subjects are closely connected to the River Sangarius, which empties into the Black Sea.

The Cabeiri were possibly originally Phrygian deities and protectors of sailors, who were imported into Greek ritual.

Though the Greeks interpreted Phrygian Sabazios with both Zeus and Dionysus, representations of him, even into Roman times, show him always on horseback, as a nomadic horseman god, wielding his characteristic staff of power.

These two figures finally merged into one: a female figure, shown either sitting or standing, and accompanied by various attributes, including the cockerel, the tricolor cockade, and the Phrygian cap.

Meanwhile the Phrygian Kingdom was overwhelmed by Cimmerian invaders c. 690 BC, then briefly conquered by its neighbor Lydia, before it passed successively into the Persian Empire of Cyrus and the empire of Alexander and his successors, was taken by the Attalids of Pergamon, and eventually became part of the Roman Empire.

Classical Greek iconography identifies the Trojan Paris as non-Greek by his Phrygian cap, which was worn by Mithras and survived into modern imagery as the " Liberty cap " of the American and French revolutionaries.

The eastern part of the former Phrygian empire fell into the hands of the Medes in 585 BC.

According to Mark Munn ( Munn 2004 ), her cult later spread and her name was adapted for the main goddess of the Hittite successor-kingdoms in Anatolia, which later developed into the Phrygian matar ( mother ) or matar kubileya whose image with inscriptions appear in rock-cut sculptures.

A considerable fragment is extant of his pastoral play Daphnis or Lityerses, in which the Sicilian shepherd, in search of his love Pimplea, is brought into connexion with the Phrygian reaper, son of Midas, who slew all who unsuccessfully competed with him in reaping his grain.

Used in tandem with the Graeco-Armenian hypothesis, the Armenian language would also be included under the label Aryano-Greco-Armenic, splitting into proto-Greek / Phrygian and " Armeno-Aryan " ( ancestor of Armenian and Indo-Iranian ).

Though seen throughout the French Revolution, perhaps the most well known French reincarnation of the fasces is the Fasces surmounted by a Phrygian cap.

Jonathan Bernard highlighted this adoption by comparing Phrygian Gates, written in 1977, and Fearful Symmetries written eleven years later in 1988.

The old satyr Silenus had been drinking wine and had wandered away drunk, later to be found by some Phrygian peasants, who carried him to their king, Midas ( alternatively, he passed out in Midas ' rose garden ).

From China to the Danube delta men seemed to have worn a variety of soft headgear – either conical like the one described by Herodotus, or rounder, more like a Phrygian cap.

In the Argonautica by Apollonius of Rhodes, the fusion of Rhea and Phrygian Cybele is complete.

The Phrygian Korybantes were often confused by Greeks with other ecstatic male confraternities, such as the Idaean Dactyls or the Cretan Kouretes, spirit-youths ( kouroi ) who acted as guardians of the infant Zeus.

He had been twice married ; by his first wife, Ditizele, a Phrygian by birth he had two sons, Prusias and Ziaelas, and a daughter, Lysandra ; but his second wife, Etazeta, persuaded him to set aside his children by his first marriage and leave his crown to her offspring.

The inscription matar kubileya at a Phrygian rock-cut shrine, dated to the first half of the 6th century BCE, is usually read as " Mother of the mountain ", a reading supported by ancient Classical sources, and consistent with Cybele as any of several similar tutelary goddesses, each known as " mother " and associated with specific Anatolian mountains or other localities ; a goddess " born from stone ".

Over time, her Phrygian cults and iconography were transformed, and ultimately subsumed, by the influences and interpretations of her foreign devotees, at first Greek and later, Roman.

Literary sources add their descriptions of joyous abandonment to the loud, overwhelmingly percussive music of tympanon, castanets, clashing cymbals and flutes ; and of frenzied " Phrygian dancing ", seemingly a form of circle-dancing by women, to the roar of this " wise and healing music of the gods ".

Electryon had an illegitimate son Licymnius by Midea, a Phrygian woman.

The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete and Dares the Phrygian, translated by R. M. Frazer ( Jr .).

Based on the myth, the new dynasty was not immemorially ancient, but had widely remembered origins in a local, but non-priestly " outsider " class, represented by Greek reports equally as an eponymous peasant " Gordias " or the locally-attested, authentically Phrygian " Midas " in his ox-cart.

The father of Phrygian Dymas is given as one Eioneus, son of Proteus, by some ancient mythographers ( scholiasts on Euripides ).

" And further he wrote, " that the nature of melody is best discovered by the perception of sense, and is retained by memory ; and that there is no other way of arriving at the knowledge of music ;" and though, he wrote, " others affirm that it is by the study of instruments that we attain this knowledge ;" this, he wrote, is talking wildly, " for just as it is not necessary for him who writes an Iambic to attend to the arithmetical proportions of the feet of which it is composed, so it is not necessary for him who writes a Phrygian song to attend to the ratios of the sounds proper thereto.