The scheme, in theory, is an ingenious adaptation of European registration systems to the conditions of African life.

** Microevolution: species — speciation — adaptation — selection — natural selection — directional selection — sexual selection — genetic drift — sexual reproduction — asexual reproduction — colony — allele frequency — neutral theory of molecular evolution — population genetics — Hardy-Weinberg principle

Evolutionary concepts on adaptation and natural selection became cornerstones of modern ecological theory.

" According to Steven Pinker, EP is " not a single theory but a large set of hypotheses " and a term which " has also come to refer to a particular way of applying evolutionary theory to the mind, with an emphasis on adaptation, gene-level selection, and modularity.

Hayek's work on the macroeconomic subjects of central planning, trade cycle theory, the division of knowledge, and entrepreneurial adaptation especially, differ greatly from the opinions of macroeconomic " Marshallian " economists in the tradition of John Maynard Keynes and the microeconomic " Walrasian " economists in the tradition of Abba Lerner.

His last inspiration for general adaptation syndrome ( GAS, a theory of stress ) came from an endocrinological experiment in which he injected mice with extracts of various organs.

" It is a contemporary adaptation of the traditional teleological argument for the existence of God, presented by its advocates as " an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins " rather than " a religious-based idea ".

Through his decisive influence on Claude Lévi-Strauss and Roland Barthes, among others, Jakobson became a pivotal figure in the adaptation of structural analysis to disciplines beyond linguistics, including anthropology and literary theory ; this generalization of Saussurean methods, known as " structuralism ", became a major post-war intellectual movement in Europe and the United States.

With the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s, Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, now the unifying concept of the life sciences.

But it proposed a linear progression rather than the branching common descent theory behind Darwin's work in progress, and it ignored adaptation.

In it he introduced the science of language and popularized Noam Chomsky's theory that language is an innate faculty of mind, with the twist that this faculty evolved by natural selection as a Darwinian adaptation for communication ( both ideas remain controversial ; see below ).

As Walker states, “ whereas cultural ecology and systems theory emphasize adaptation and homeostasis, political ecology emphasize the role of political economy as a force of maladaptation and instability ” ( 2005, p. 74 ).

Stephen Roy Miller in his 1998 edition of A Shrew for the Cambridge Shakespeare agrees with the Oliver / Thompson date of late 1591 / early 1592, as he too believes The Shrew preceded A Shrew ( although he rejects the reported text theory in favour of an adaptation / rewrite theory ).

" As such, Miller rejects the bad quarto theory, the early draft theory, the Ur-Shrew theory and the source theory in favour of his own adaptation theory.

As Stephen Roy Miller argues in his 1998 edition of A Shrew ( although he does so in support of his adaptation theory ), " the differences between the texts are substantial and coherent enough to establish that there was deliberate revision in producing one text out of the other ; hence A Shrew is not merely a poor report ( or ' bad quarto ') of The Shrew.

This is because processual archaeologists adhere to Leslie White's theory that culture can be defined as the exosomatic ( outside the body ) means of environmental adaptation for humans.

This theory is most noticeable in how director Jane Howell had Julia Foster act the part in the 1981 BBC Television Shakespeare adaptation.

In theory, it permits a wide range of adaptive infrastructure, especially software, to adapt to a single human user's characteristics, e. g. preferred language, quality of eyesight including large print or color blindness adaptation, sound volume.

After publication of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, the importance of individual efforts in the generation of adaptation was considerably diminished.

In September 1977, veteran actress and authoress Dulcie Gray played the Miss Marple character in a stage adaptation of A Murder Is Announced at the Vaudeville Theatre in London, England that featured also Dinah Sheridan, Eleanor Summerfield, Patricia Brake and Barbara Flynn.

Cuarón's next feature was also a literary adaptation, a modernized version of Charles Dickens's Great Expectations starring Ethan Hawke, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Robert De Niro.

The Dodo, who in this adaptation of the book is named Uilleam and is portrayed by Michael Gough, bears a down of brilliant blue and is one of Alice's advisers, who also took first note of her identity as the true Alice.

Andersson also worked on the film adaptation of Mamma Mia !.

A 2002 adaptation of its Resident Evil series faced similar criticism but was also successful in theaters.

In 1995, Charles played The Porter in Steven Berkoff's adaptation of Shakespeare's Macbeth, also on Radio 4.

* The British Hammer Film Productions also produced a fairly faithful adaptation of " Carmilla " titled The Vampire Lovers ( 1970 ) with Ingrid Pitt in the lead role and Madeline Smith as her victim / lover.

Elwes also appeared in such films as Francis Coppola's adaptation of Bram Stoker's Dracula, The Crush, Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book, Twister, Liar Liar, Cradle Will Rock, The Cat's Meow and Kiss the Girls.

There was also a book adaptation of the Disney theatrical version, titled Doctor Syn, Alias the Scarecrow and written by Vic Crume.

Benedict also made a cameo appearance in the 2010 film adaptation of The A-Team as Pensacola Prisoner Milt.

" James Berardinelli also gave the film three stars out of four, saying that " the intelligence and subtlety of The Rainmaker took me by surprise " and that the film " stands above any other filmed Grisham adaptation ".

After the 1932 release of MGM's adaptation of The Mask of Fu Manchu, which featured the Asian villain telling an assembled group of " Asians " ( consisting of caricatural Indians, Persians and Arabs ) that they must " kill the white men and take their women ", a Harvard University student group petitioned MGM producer William Randolph Hearst ( who had also serialized the novel in his Cosmopolitan magazine ) to cease making further films based on the property.

Among lesser works, his additions to the Speculum of Durandus are simply an adaptation from the Consilia of Oldradus de Ponte, as is also his De Sponsalibus et Matrimonio, from Johannes Anguisciola.

There has also been a French musical adaptation by Gérard Presgurvic, Autant en Emporte le Vent.

Bogart and Bacall also worked together on an early color telecast, in 1955, an NBC adaptation of The Petrified Forest for Producers ' Showcase ; only a black and white kinescope of the live telecast has survived.

He has also signed on to direct, produce, and write an adaptation of Stephen King's sci-fi novel 11 / 22 / 63 that centers around an attempt to go back in time and stop the Kennedy Assassination.

Near the end of the decade, he made a cameo appearance in Welles's Touch of Evil ( 1958 ) and a starring role in the film adaptation of Jules Verne's From the Earth to the Moon ( also 1958 ).

Jahangir was also revolutionary in his adaptation of European styles.

Alexander also appeared with Kelsey Grammer in the 2004 musical adaptation of Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol.

In London he also starred in The Far Pavilions, the West End musical adaptation of M. M. Kaye ’ s novel, at the Shaftesbury Theatre.

Additionally his film work includes the role of Dr. Hank McCoy ( also known as the Beast ) in X-Men: The Last Stand, and he was the voice of Snowball in the live-action film adaptation of the George Orwell book Animal Farm.

Otomo has also directed several live-action films, such as the 2006 feature film adaptation of the manga Mushishi.

Hammerstein also wrote the book and lyrics for Carmen Jones, an adaptation of Georges Bizet's opera Carmen with an all-black cast that became a 1943 Broadway musical and a 1954 film.

The platypus uses its tail for storage of fat reserves ( an adaptation also found in animals such as the Tasmanian devil and fat-tailed sheep ).