Any quantity of energy absorbed by the electron in excess of this amount is converted to kinetic energy according to the conservation of energy.

This gives a significant amount of energy to the recoiling nucleus, which also causes ionization damage.

However, some systems have a maximum amount of energy that they can hold, and as they approach that maximum energy their entropy actually begins to decrease.

Some early scientists such as Georg Ernst Stahl ( 1659-1734 ) and Francisque Bouillier ( 1813 – 1899 ) had supported a form of animism which life and mind, the directive principle in evolution and growth, holding that all cannot be traced back to chemical and mechanical processes, but that there is a directive force which guides energy without altering its amount.

In archery, some energy is dissipated through elastic hysteresis, reducing the overall amount released when the bow is shot.

Chemical rockets store a large amount of energy in an easily released form, and can be very dangerous.

Rotation about the carbon-carbon double bond is restricted because it involves breaking the pi bond, which requires a large amount of energy ( 264 kJ / mol in ethylene ).

In these ammeters, the amount of current is summed over time, giving as a result the product of current and time, which is proportional to the energy transferred with that current.

This process is not quite the opposite of glycolysis, and actually requires three times the amount of energy gained from glycolysis ( six molecules of ATP are used, compared to the two gained in glycolysis ).

This means there is an energy gap for single-particle excitation, unlike in the normal metal ( where the state of an electron can be changed by adding an arbitrarily small amount of energy ).

It is approximately the amount of energy needed to heat of water, which is exactly one tenth of a UK gallon or about 0. 1198 US gallons, from 39 ° F to 40 ° F ( 3. 8 ° C to 4. 4 ° C ).

A Btu can be approximated as the heat produced by burning a single wooden match or as the amount of energy it would take to lift a one-pound weight to a height of.

There is strong observational evidence for dark energy, as the total energy density of the universe is known through constraints on the flatness of the universe, but the amount of clustering matter is tightly measured, and is much less than this.

Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases determines the amount of solar energy retained by the planet, leading to global warming or global cooling.

* Activation energy, which is defined as the amount of energy required to make the reaction start and carry on spontaneously.

It is essential to make the reaction as efficient as possible, maximizing the yield and minimizing the amount of reagents, energy inputs and waste.

) During the collapse, neutrons are formed by the capture of electrons by protons in the process of electron capture, leading to the emission of neutrinos .< sup >, pp. 1046 – 1047 .</ sup > The decrease in gravitational potential energy of the collapsing core releases a large amount of energy which is on the order of 10 < sup > 46 </ sup > joules ( 100 foes ).

This ensures that ΔG and ΔH are nearly the same over a considerable range of temperatures and justifies the approximate empirical Principle of Thomsen and Berthelot, which states that the equilibrium state to which a system proceeds is the one which evolves the greatest amount of heat, i. e. an actual process is the most exothermic one.

At the instant of any observation of an object, the apparent position of the object is displaced from its true position by an amount which depends solely upon the transverse component of the velocity of the observer, with respect to the vector of the incoming beam of light ( i. e., the line actually taken by the light on its path to the observer ).

They determined to reinvestigate the motion of γ Draconis ; the telescope, constructed by George Graham ( 1675 – 1751 ), a celebrated instrument-maker, was affixed to a vertical chimney stack, in such manner as to permit a small oscillation of the eyepiece, the amount of which ( i. e. the deviation from the vertical ) was regulated and measured by the introduction of a screw and a plumb line.

This chart shows that not all fish, shellfish, or the insects that they eat can tolerate the same amount of acid ; for example, frogs can tolerate water that is more acidic ( i. e., has a lower pH ) than trout.

While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of the Big Bang and those of alternative cosmological models, most scientists became convinced that some version of the Big Bang scenario best fit observations after the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964, and especially when its spectrum ( i. e., the amount of radiation measured at each wavelength ) was found to match that of thermal radiation from a black body.

Due to inherently compact and semantically rich instructions, the average amount of work performed per machine code unit ( i. e. per byte or bit ) is higher for a CISC than a RISC processor, which may give it a significant advantage in a modern cache based implementation.

If the amount to be paid at time 0 ( now ) for all the future cash flows is known, then that amount can be substituted for DPV and the equation can be solved for i, that is the internal rate of return.

A potential difference of 1 volt causes an electron to gain a discrete amount of energy ( i. e., 1 eV ).

Sensitivity refers to the ease with which an explosive can be ignited or detonated, i. e., the amount and intensity of shock, friction, or heat that is required.

For subject matter jurisdiction, the claims in the case must either: ( 1 ) raise a Federal Question ( i. e., a cause of action or defense arising under the Constitution, a Federal statute, or the law of admiralty ); or have diversity of parties ( i. e., all of the defendants are from a different state than the Plaintiff ), and have an amount in controversy that exceeds a monetary threshold ( which changes from time to time, but is $ 75, 000 as of 2011 ).

Blood tests typically report HDL-C level, i. e. the amount of cholesterol contained in HDL particles.

These include the fact that most trade is between countries with similar factor endowment and productivity levels, and the large amount of multinational production ( i. e. foreign direct investment ) that exists.

Generally, an insurance contract includes, at a minimum, the following elements: identification of participating parties ( the insurer, the insured, the beneficiaries ), the premium, the period of coverage, the particular loss event covered, the amount of coverage ( i. e., the amount to be paid to the insured or beneficiary in the event of a loss ), and exclusions ( events not covered ).

* In-place ; i. e., only requires a constant amount O ( 1 ) of additional memory space

In his Chronicle, Eusebius gives the date of Ignatius's death as AA 2124 ( 2124 years after Adam ), which would amount to the 11th year of Trajan, i. e. 108 AD.

The amount of crystallographic damage can be enough to completely amorphize the surface of the target: i. e. it can become an amorphous solid ( such a solid produced from a melt is called a glass ).

He pointed out that if the " labor embodied " in a product equalled the " labor commanded " ( i. e. the amount of labor that could be purchased by selling it ), then profit was impossible.

Although a vast amount of information, imagery, and commentary ( i. e. " content ") has been made available, it is often difficult to determine the authenticity and reliability of information contained in web pages ( in many cases, self-published ).

# A kernel where the total amount of kernel code, i. e. code executing in the privileged mode of the hardware, is very small.

The amount and type of carbohydrates consumed, along with some types of amino acid, can influence processes involving insulin, glucagon, and other hormones ; therefore the ratio of omega-3 versus omega-6 has wide effects on general health, and specific effects on immune function and inflammation, and mitosis ( i. e. cell division ).

However, the exponential power increase cannot continue for long since k decreases when the amount of fission material that is left decreases ( i. e. it is consumed by fissions ).

I'm well aware that you've got a pedigree as long as my leg, and that I don't amount to anything.

Russ ran through the bills and named an amount it was highly unlikely any cowpuncher would come by honestly.

When I mentioned that for my first long voyage I did not even have the money for the return fare, but had trusted to luck that I would earn a sufficient amount, the young people looked at me doubtingly.

With troops dispersed on fields of battle rather than on the parade ground, it may seem that a certain amount of monitoring is automatically enforced by the lines of communication.

No amount of ballyhoo will cover up the sordid facts.

When he remembered that he might have not signed the check, Mercer made out another for the same amount, instructing the bank to destroy the other -- especially if he had happened to have absent-mindedly signed both of them.

he was given the difference between that amount and $5000.

This was accordingly done, and the plight of the grateful Mrs. Morris was much relieved as a result of the generous loan, the amount of which is not known.

The great increase in the amount of archaeological activity, and therefore information, in the years immediately preceeding and following the Second World War has brought to light data which has changed the complection of the Saxon Shore dispute.

However, as a practicing historian, he, himself, has left few clues to the amount of professional scholarship that he used when writing history.

and the narrator recalls the words of his father, Vincent Berger: `` It is not by any amount of scratching at the individual that one finally comes down to mankind ''.

The immense amount of interest that the new jazz had for the younger generation must have impressed him, and he began working toward the merger of jazz and poetry, as he had previously attempted the union of graphic art and poetry.

The firm does a large amount of research and its forecasts have meaning.

`` We have a tremendous amount of talent -- but we lack cohesion ''.

These proposals would reduce the amount of tax that DuPont stockholders might have to pay -- from an estimated 1.1 billion dollars under present law to as little as 192 million dollars.

It will determine the amount of money to be spent by the college and will certify this amount to the board of freeholders, which `` shall appropriate in the same manner as other appropriations are made by it the amount so certified and the amount shall be assessed, levied and collected in the same manner as moneys appropriated for other purposes ''.

The approval of only three members of the board of school estimate is required to certify the amount of money to be allotted to the college.

A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years ''.

His teacher and his school principal were conferred with and everyone agreed that, if he kept up with a certain amount of work at home, there was little danger of his losing a term.

The amount which may be borrowed from the SBA depends on how much is required to carry out the intended purpose of the loan.

The legislature's role in policy determination in this area for years has been confined almost solely to the amount of funds appropriated annually for the purchase and operation of vehicles.