If Af is the change per unit volume in Gibbs function caused by the shear field at constant P and T, and **yr is the density of the fluid, then the total potential energy of the system above the reference height is Af.

The change in energy between the two energy levels must be accounted for ( conservation of energy ).

Since this process does not involve any heat transfer or work, the First Law of Thermodynamics then implies that the net internal energy change of the system is zero.

where dU is the change in the internal energy of the system and δW is work done

The change in internal energy of a system, measured from state 1 to state 2, is equal to

In this " condensed " state, the breaking of one pair will change the energy of the entire condensate-not just a single electron, or a single pair.

It does not change the energy difference between starting materials and products ( thermodynamic barrier ), or the available energy ( this is provided by the environment as heat or light ).

The internal energy change of a process is equal to the heat change if it is measured under conditions of constant volume, as in a closed rigid container such as a bomb calorimeter.

However, under conditions of constant pressure, as in reactions in vessels open to the atmosphere, the measured heat change is not always equal to the internal energy change, because pressure-volume work also releases or absorbs energy.

If there is one particular coordinate change that leads to a decrease in the total energy in both directions, the stationary point is a transition structure and the coordinate is the reaction coordinate.

This analogy is extremely simplistic and incomplete: The rapid propagation of a sound wave does not impart any change in the air molecules ' drift velocity, whereas EM waves do carry the energy to propagate the actual current at a rate which is much, much higher than the electrons ' drift velocity.

Catalysts are substances which change the pathway ( mechanism ) of a reaction which in turn increases the speed of a reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place.

The net change of the body's internal energy during the Carnot cycle,, is equal to zero, because the material of the working body has the special properties noted above.

Delta is commonly used in the subject science and mathematics and is used to describe change in energy.

This bold self-assertion, after decades of humble subservience, is indeed a twentieth-century phenomenon, an abrupt change in the Southern way of existence.

Yet his concern even here is with a slowly changing socio-economic order in general, and he never deals with such specific aspects of this change as the urban and industrial impact.

This confession serves to make clear in part what is behind this sexual revolution: the craving for sensation for its own sake, the need for change, for new experiences.

For this change is not a change from one positive position to another, but a change from order and truth to disorder and negation.

The division is not between those who wish to preserve what they have and those who want change.

Indeed, it is probable that this point is reached the moment the third level of change begins.

Thus human perception and human volition is the immanent cause of all social change and this most truly when the change reaches the civilizational level.

Further, change is a form of motion, it occurs as the act of a being in potency insofar as it is in potency and has not yet reached the terminus of the change.

With regard to the change we are examining, the question is, at what point does the change become irreversible??

Moreover its posture of stubborn but simple resistance is doomed to failure because of the metaphysical weakness of the existent form of order, once the activation of change has reached visible proportions.

Their great error is to mingle the responses typical of each of the three types of change.

Since civilizational change is the most difficult to perceive and analyze, it seldom is given adequate attention.

If `` Jack the Courtier '' is really to be taken as Swift, the following remark is obviously Steele's comment on Swift's change of parties and its effect on their friendship: `` I assure you, dear Jack, when I first found out such an Allay in you, as makes you of so malleable a Constitution, that you may be worked into any Form an Artificer pleases, I foresaw I should not enjoy your Favour much longer ''.

Britain in the nineteenth century is a textbook designed `` to give the sense of continuous growth, to show how economic led to social, and social to political change, how the political events reacted on the economic and social, and how new thoughts and new ideals accompanied or directed the whole complicated process ''.

The art of Defoe and Richardson is founded on an awareness of this great change.

change variances rather than means ( called dispersion effects ) have

After approximately 1150, North America experienced significant climatic change in the form of a 300-year drought called the Great Drought.

Allotropes of iron, ( alpha iron and gamma iron ) showing the differences in atomic arrangement. At a certain temperature, ( usually between and ), the base metal of steel ( iron ) undergoes a change in the arrangement of the atoms in its crystal matrix, called allotropy.

The Liberal Party set out to change that by a policy it called " populism.

The change in Athenian foreign policy, which was consequent upon the ostracism of Cimon in 461, led to what is sometimes called the First Peloponnesian War, in which the brunt of the fighting fell upon Corinth and Aegina.

Thus, when the fluid finally does strike the object, it is forced to change its properties -- temperature, density, pressure, and Mach number -- in an extremely violent and irreversible fashion called a shock wave.

If a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed with no change to the score.

Less formal efforts, called community building or community organizing, seek to empower individuals and groups of people by providing them with the skills they need to effect change in their own communities.

Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst.

( The heat change at constant pressure is called the enthalpy change ; in this case the enthalpy of formation ).

The Commodores originally called themselves the Mystics, but wanted to change the name.

The history of Chinese cuisine stretches back for many centuries and produced both change from period to period and variety in what could be called traditional Chinese food, leading Chinese to pride themselves on eating a wide range of foods.

This rate of change is called the derivative of y with respect to x.

An agreement was struck, but as the deal was about to be finalized, Marshall called for a change in terms.

In a second category, dukkha also includes the anxiety or stress of trying to hold onto things that are constantly changing ; these inner anxieties are called the dukkha produced by change ( vipariṇāma-dukkha ).

This change the holy Catholic Church has fittingly and properly called transubstantiation.

The most notable change within this school of thought is that it called for the creation of a new discipline, computer science.

It can change from one state to another when initiated by a triggering event or condition, this is called a transition.

The name " frame problem " derives from a common technique used by animated cartoon makers called framing where the currently moving parts of the cartoon are superimposed on the " frame ," which depicts the background of the scene, which does not change.

If these conditions can change, they are better represented by two predicates open ( t ) and on ( t ) that depend on time ; such predicates are called fluents.

NIPCC organized an international climate workshop in Vienna in April 2007, to provide what they called an independent examination of the evidence for climate change.

In a few materials, a much stronger interaction between spins arises because the change in the direction of the spin leads to a change in electrostatic repulsion between neighboring electrons, due to a particular quantum mechanical effect called the exchange interaction.