Radiation, therefore, is at an initial cost disadvantage even though only 1 to 10 per cent as much radiation energy as heat energy is required for radiopasteurization or radiosterilization.

The primary disadvantage of analog signaling is that any system has noise – i. e., random unwanted variation.

The disadvantage of using deadweight anchors in conditions where a mushroom anchor could be used is that it needs to be around ten times the weight of the equivalent mushroom anchor.

The disadvantage of computer anagram solvers, especially when applied to multi-word anagrams, is their poor understanding of the meaning of the words they are manipulating.

The disadvantage to this system is that while the SAA5050 would expect to be repeatedly fed the same 40 bytes of data for every display scanline of each character row, the ULA would read a different set of 40 bytes for every display scanline in order to produce a full graphics display.

A disadvantage of most adhesives is that most do not form an instantaneous joint, unlike many other joining processes, because the adhesive needs time to cure.

The advantage of this technique is that only a medium-resolution monochromator is necessary for measuring AAS ; however, it has the disadvantage that usually a separate lamp is required for each element that has to be determined.

The advantage of this technique is that total and background absorption are measured with the same emission profile of the same lamp, so that any kind of background, including background with fine structure can be corrected accurately, unless the molecule responsible for the background is also affected by the magnetic field ; the disadvantage is the increased complexity of the spectrometer.

The main disadvantage of abstraction is that highly abstract concepts are more difficult to learn, and require a degree of mathematical maturity and experience before they can be assimilated.

Their main disadvantage is the distortion of the flow itself by the structure supporting the transducers, which requires a correction based upon wind tunnel measurements to minimize the effect.

Another disadvantage is lower accuracy due to precipitation, where rain drops may vary the speed of sound.

A big disadvantage of complex biological sewage treatment systems is that if the house is empty, the sewage system biota may starve to death.

Another hypothesis is that some Mexican tetra randomly don't develop eyes ( which is represented by broken genes in the fish's genome ), and this lack of eyes spreads to the rest of the population despite having no advantage or disadvantage.

If the first theory is correct ( see above ), then the absence of cavalry removed the main Athenian tactical disadvantage, and the threat of being outflanked made it imperative to attack.

While it is possible through skillful play to minimize the house advantage, it is extremely rare that a player has sufficient skill to completely eliminate his inherent long-term disadvantage ( the house edge ( HE ) or house vigorish ) in a casino game.

The player's disadvantage is a result of the casino not paying winning wagers according to the game's " true odds ", which are the payouts that would be expected considering the odds of a wager either winning or losing.

The disadvantage is that working out when a particular date would occur is difficult.

The defeat and death of Adolf of Nassau at the hands of Albert of Habsburg also worked to the disadvantage of the English, for all the efforts to revive the anti-French coalition came to nothing when Philip made an alliance with the new king of the Romans.

Whilst this had the advantage of being usable by untrained users via ' hunt and peck ' typing and requiring one less key switch than a conventional 12 button keypad, it had the disadvantage that some symbols required three times as much force to depress them as others which made it hard to achieve any speed with the device.

It has the disadvantage of losing the more compact, byte-stream-based encoding, but by this point larger storage and transmission capacities made file size less of a concern than in the early days of computing.

A low silhouette made the new weapon a more difficult target for the enemy, an advantage that far outweighed the disadvantage of being somewhat less convenient to load.

The disadvantage is that once the artist moves on to the next layer, no more prints can be made.

The disadvantage of this is that wide angle photography is made somewhat more difficult, as the smaller sensor effectively and undesirably reduces the captured field of view.

One disadvantage of this system was that special nickel-leaded components had to be used to allow the interconnecting welds to be made.

A disadvantage of planar graphics is that more RAM address cycles are needed for scrolling and animations, although these operations can be made faster by dedicated hardware.

Since the crown appointed the Lord High Steward, the peers felt that in a political prosecution this procedure put the defense at a severe disadvantage, and in the late seventeenth century made repeated efforts to ameliorate it.

The need to manoeuvre in battle made the top weight of the castles more of a disadvantage.

The Krag's major disadvantage compared to other bolt-action designs is that it is usually loaded by hand, one round at a time, although there were made a box-like device that could drop five rounds into the magazine, all at once.

We your Humble Petitioners Living at a great Distance from ye Center of the Towne Some of us nine or ten Miles and Consequently at a very great disadvantage in joining with them all Publick Town affairs, being encouraged Partly by our Living in that Part of ye Town that was Laid out for what was called ye upper Parish and Partly by ye Kind Reception our Request met with which we made to ye Town for a dismission but more particularly by our Confidence in your Honors desire to Promote ye Happiness of every Part of ye State Humbly Pray that Honors would take our Case into your Serious Consideration and grant that we together with all those Live in sd Upper Part may be Erected and Incorporated into a body Politick and Corporate to have Continuance in ye Name of Northfield with all such Powers and Authorities Privileges Immunities and Franchises with other Parishes or Towns in this State in General hold Enjoy with your Petitions as in duty bound Shall forever pray .”

One disadvantage of stainless steel is that, being made of thin metal, they tend to be noisier than most other sink materials, although better sinks apply a heavy coating of vibration-damping material to the underside of the sink.

The only slight disadvantage of the system was that it removed the ' fluid ' look of interlaced video and ' filmized ' the picture, but this would generally not have made a great deal of difference to the viewing audiences.

Although this assisted with traction, it made the car heavier ; the added weight put the GT-R at a disadvantage to other cars in the 4000 cc class.

One possible disadvantage the Nikon F had, compared to other professional cameras, was the fact the entire bottom and rear plate was made in one piece and had to be removed to reload the camera.

Greatly daring, he even rescues love from the convention which had made it the prerogative of the nobly born ; contrasts the titles " woman " ( wîp ) and " lady " ( froûwe ) to the disadvantage of the latter ; and puts the most beautiful of his lyrics — Unter der linden — into the mouth of a simple girl.

The disadvantage for the buyer is that they usually have to bear the cost of the survey for unsuccessful bids, though trials have been made of a system where the seller arranges for one survey available to all bidders.

Spiral stairs in medieval times were generally made of stone and typically wound in a clockwise direction ( from the ascender's point of view ), to place attacking swordsmen ( who were most often right-handed ) at a disadvantage.

King Alfonso V of Aragon ( as Alfonso I of Naples ) made Gaeta his beachhead for the conquest of the Kingdom of Naples in 1435, besieged it, and to his own disadvantage displayed great generosity, by aiding those unable to bear arms who had been driven out from the besieged town.

Indirect discrimination, after a neutral practice puts a member of a group at a particular disadvantage, is not made out if there is an " objective justification ".

Their disadvantage is that changing frequency ( more than a small amount ) requires changing the crystal, but frequency synthesizer techniques have made this unnecessary in modern designs.

Today's increasingly parallel computational loads suggests, however, this might not be the disadvantage it's been made out to be in the past.

Another way to debate against a disadvantage is an impact turn, in which the affirmative team reads evidence stating that the disadvantages impact would actually be good or that the status quo creates a worse impact.