ADM reduces slope error, at the expense of increasing quantizing error. This error can be reduced by using a low pass filter.

This reduces the data rate to 66 kbit / s ( half that of LP2 ), partly by using joint stereo coding and a lowpass filter around 13. 5 kHz.

A low-pass filter is an electronic filter that passes low-frequency signals but attenuates ( reduces the amplitude of ) signals with frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency.

* A first-order filter, for example, will reduce the signal amplitude by half ( so power reduces by a factor of 4 ), or, every time the frequency doubles ( goes up one octave ); more precisely, the power rolloff approaches 20 dB per decade in the limit of high frequency.

A high-pass filter ( HPF ) is an electronic filter that passes high-frequency signals but attenuates ( reduces the amplitude of ) signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency.

* A low-shelf filter passes all frequencies, but increases or reduces frequencies below the shelf frequency by specified amount.

* A high-shelf filter passes all frequencies, but increases or reduces frequencies above the shelf frequency by specified amount.

Combined with a linearly polarized feed horn, it helps filter out noise in the receiver and reduces false returns.

In addition to the advanced comb filter, the HLD-X9 contains a red-laser pickup, which significantly reduces crosstalk and picture-noise levels compared to players with the traditional infrared laser ; it can also read through all but the worst cases of laser rot and surface wear.

A first-order low or high pass filter has a standard response curve which reduces the unwanted frequencies well above or below the corner frequency with a slope of 6 dB per octave.

For instance, a second-order low-pass notch filter section only reduces ( rather than eliminates ) very high frequencies, but has a steep response falling to zero at a specific frequency ( the so-called notch frequency ).

In GMSK, the signal to be modulated onto the carrier is first smoothed with a Gaussian low-pass filter prior to being fed to a frequency modulator, which greatly reduces the interference to neighboring channels ( adjacent-channel interference ).

A particulate filter is available as an option for the diesel units ( this reduces about 99 % of the particle emissions, without the need for additives ).

Slow sand filters slowly lose their performance as the Schmutzdecke grows and thereby reduces the rate of flow through the filter.

In fact, the decimation filter put after the modulator not only filters the whole sampled signal in the band of interest ( cutting the noise at higher frequencies ), but also reduces the frequency of the signal increasing its resolution.

The weights of the FIR filter may also be changed adaptively, and used to provide optimal beamforming, in the sense that it reduces the MMSE between the desired and actual beampattern formed.

In photography and optics, a neutral density filter or ND filter is a filter that reduces and / or modifies intensity of all wavelengths or colors of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition.

The simplest way to control the harmonic current is to use a filter: it is possible to design a filter that passes current only at line frequency ( 50 or 60 Hz ).

The distortion of a waveform relative to a pure sinewave can be measured either by using a wave analyser to analyse the output wave into its constituent harmonics and noting the amplitude of each relative to the fundamental ; or by cancelling out the fundamental with a notch filter and measuring the remaining signal, which will be total aggregate harmonic distortion plus noise.

In this way the third oscillator is frequently used as a low-frequency oscillator to control pitch ( oscillator modulation ) and / or harmonic content ( filter cutoff frequency modulation ).

One-line diagram of a typical SVC configuration ; here employing a thyristor controlled reactor, a thyristor switched capacitor, a harmonic filter, a mechanically switched capacitor and a mechanically switched reactor

An alternative technique, total harmonic distortion measurement, cancels out the fundamental with a notch filter and measures the total remaining signal, which is total harmonic distortion plus noise ; it does not give the harmonic-by-harmonic detail of an analyser.

Generically, the term ' audio filter ' can be applied to mean anything which changes the timbre, or harmonic content of an audio signal.

The former harmonic filter circuit on display

However, one of the harmonic waves filter was preserved as a monument.

A subsequent bandpass filter selects the desired harmonic frequency and removes the unwanted fundamental and other harmonics from the output.

An electromagnet then tunes the YIG filter to select the desired harmonic.

Some of the reactive power requirement can be supplied in the harmonic filter components.

Applications range from the use of large inductors in power supplies, which in conjunction with filter capacitors remove residual hums known as the mains hum or other fluctuations from the direct current output, to the small inductance of the ferrite bead or torus installed around a cable to prevent radio frequency interference from being transmitted down the wire.

DC is often used where low hum is required but because of the high current at low voltage in the heater circuit, DC power was not viable until the advent of low cost solid state rectifiers and appropriate large capacitance filter capacitors.

Most current consumer digital cameras use a Bayer filter mosaic in combination with an optical anti-aliasing filter to reduce the aliasing due to the reduced sampling of the different primary-color images.

It consists of a rectifier ( anything that will pass current in one direction only ), and a low-pass filter.

A stable current or voltage is switched into a low-pass analog filter with a duration determined by the digital input code.

# Perform a " filter " operation on the current heap to establish the heap property:

In order to be implementable, any time-dependent filter ( operating in real time ) must be causal: the filter response only depends on the current and past inputs.

The chips can compensate for changes in input voltage and load current, which the passive filter does not, and pretty much eliminate ripple.

The algorithm works in a two-step process: in the prediction step, the Kalman filter produces estimates of the current state variables, along with their uncertainties.

A resistor – capacitor circuit ( RC circuit ), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors driven by a voltage or current source.

This is largely because the output voltage is equal to the input voltage — as a result, this circuit does not act as a filter on the input signal unless fed by a current source.

Kalman filter provides the most common approach to combining navigation data ( from multiple sensors ) to resolve current position.

All capacitors conduct alternating current ( AC ) and block direct current ( DC ) and can be used, amongst other applications, to couple circuit blocks allowing AC signals to be transferred while blocking DC power, to store energy, and to filter signals according to their frequency.

Like all DC-DC converters Cuk converters rely on the ability of the inductors in the circuit to provide continuous current, in much the same way a capacitor in a rectifier filter provides continuous voltage.

For a discrete-time FIR filter, the output is a weighted sum of the current and a finite number of previous values of the input.

When one is selected ( or typed in manually ), the menu will update to show the possible values to filter by for that property, and this list is based on the current location and other parts of the query already typed.

The solution must be an alarm management system that can dynamically filter the process alarms based on the current plant operation and conditions so that only the currently significant alarms are annunciated.