Proponents of single elements tend to ensure predominance of that element without determining if it is justified, and the element with the most enthusiastic and vociferous proponents has assumed the greatest importance.

The recent publicity attending the successful federal prosecution of a conspiracy indictment against a number of electrical manufacturers has evoked a new respect for the anti-trust laws that is justified neither by their rationale nor by the results they have obtained.

The mens rea for assault is simply " evil intent ", although this has been held to mean no more than that assault " cannot be committed accidentally or recklessly or negligently " as upheld in Lord Advocate's Reference No 2 of 1992 where it was found that a " hold-up " in a shop justified as a joke would still constitute an offence.

Further, the necessity to serve up a dubiously justified happy ending, although expected by audiences, actually has another effect of heightening the sense of falseness and contrived stories, underpinning the public's loss of belief in virtually anything any mass media says.

Smith has a justified true belief that a man with ten coins in his pocket will get the job ; however, according to Gettier, Smith does not know that a man with ten coins in his pocket will get the job, because Smith's belief is "... true by virtue of the number of coins in Jones's pocket, while Smith does not know how many coins are in Smith's pocket, and bases his belief ... on a count of the coins in Jones's pocket, whom he falsely believes to be the man who will get the job.

Timothy Williamson has advanced a theory of knowledge according to which knowledge is not justified true belief plus some extra condition ( s ).

Moral epistemology, the part of epistemology ( and / or ethics ) that studies how we know moral facts and how moral beliefs are justified, has proposed an answer.

However, he also justified the expression he coined — " the map is not the territory " — by saying that " the denial of identification ( as in ' is not ') has opposite neuro-linguistic effects on the brain from the assertion of identity ( as in ' is ').

Although this word, in English, has taken on purely military connotations, in reality it covers the vast range of human enterprise-family life, work, spiritual development, and, at the end of all this, justified defensive warfare.

The Russian IWC delegation has said that the hunt is justified under the aboriginal / subsistence exemption, since the fur farms provide a necessary economic base for the region's native population.

Since nothing other than an intelligent cause has been demonstrated to be able to yield such a strong appearance of design, Darwinian claims notwithstanding, the conclusion that the design seen in life is real design is rationally justified.

In all cases detention needs to be justified on the basis that the person has a mental disorder and poses a risk of harm to their own health, safety, or the safety of others.

Raphael Patai in The Arab Mind, has argued that among some Arabs and Turks homosexuality can be justified as an expression of power.

A 1985 United States Department of Justice report by the Tort Policy Working Group noted: ' The use of such invalid scientific evidence ( commonly referred to as " junk science ") has resulted in findings of causation which simply cannot be justified or understood from the standpoint of the current state of credible scientific or medical knowledge.

Greenberg's work on African languages has been criticised by Lyle Campbell and Donald Ringe, who do not believe that his classification is justified by his data ; they request a reexamination of his macro-phyla by " reliable methods " ( Ringe 1993: 104 ).

The philosophical investigation of love includes the tasks of distinguishing between the various kinds of personal love ; asking if and how love is / can be justified ; asking what the value of love is ; and what impact love has on the autonomy of both the lover and the beloved.

The social panic approach is justified by the language used – we talk of the battle against terrorism or the war on drugs ..." The Economist magazine has become increasingly vocal in its criticism of such regulation, particularly with reference to countering terrorist financing, referring to it as a " costly failure ", although concedes that the rules to combat money laundering are more effective.

One has a justified belief that p if, and only if, the belief is the result of a reliable process.

Since Gettier proposed his counterexamples the traditional analysis has included the further claim that knowledge must be more than justified true belief.

However, Jacques ( 2006 ) notes, " comparative work has never been able to put forth evidence for common innovations to all the Tibeto-Burman languages ( the Sino-Tibetan languages to the exclusion of Chinese )," and that " it no longer seems justified to treat Chinese as the first branching of the Sino-Tibetan family ," as the morphological divide between Chinese and Tibeto-Burman has been bridged by recent reconstructions of Old Chinese.

Although it is commonly held that an allegorical interpretation justified its inclusion in the Biblical canon, scholarly discussion has not reached any consensus yet on Song of Songs and leaves other possibilities open.

In this context tradition refers to the mode of thinking and action justified as " it has always been that way ".

Lastly, it has been suggested that natural evils are a mechanism of divine punishment for evils that humans have committed, and so the evil is justified ( see also Karma, just-world phenomenon, and original sin.

The Russian ruble devaluation of 1998 had a deleterious effect on Moldova's economy, but economic growth has been steady since 2000.

This tendency toward devaluation of art has led many to claim that Dada was an essentially nihilistic movement.

The bolivar, which has been suffering from serious inflation and devaluation relative to international standards since the late 1980s, continued to weaken.

The International Energy Agency shows how Venezuela's oil production has fallen in the last years, producing only daily, down from 3. 5 million in 1998, but with the recent currency devaluation the oil incomes will double its value in local currency.

Specifically, Pantaleo states research has shown, " NAFTA, as a capitalist approach, has directly created a devaluation of women and an increase ingendered violence.

He has published three books on the Enneagram if Personality, as well as The End of Patriarchy, which is his interpretation of social problems as the expression of a devaluation of the nurturance and human instinct and their solution in the harmonious development of our " three brained " potential.

The city has, since the 1970s, enjoyed increasing domestic tourism as a winter destination and, since the devaluation of the peso in 2002, growing international tourism, as well.

Generally, a steady process of inflation is not considered a devaluation, although if a currency has a high level of inflation, its value will naturally fall against gold or foreign currencies.

Tesco Ireland has come in for increased criticism for apparently high prices in its Irish stores, because the benefits of the recent devaluation of the pound sterling has not been passed on to the customers, although in its favour this seems to be because comparisons are with the British Tesco stores rather than other Irish retailers-and thus like is not being compared with like.

Michelmore has retired from TV presenting, although he returned to the BBC on 18 November 2007 to introduce a programme on the BBC Parliament channel, recalling the 1967 devaluation of the pound.

The company has significantly increased production since the 1998 devaluation.

Since the repeal of the Convertibility Law in January 2002, the devaluation and depreciation of the peso and the end of the economic crisis, its role has been the accumulation of reserves in order to gain a measure of control of the exchange rate.

Twenty feet below the street level in the excavation of the new motel to be constructed on this site, a black coal-like deposit has been encountered.

Even apart from the fact that now at the age of 31 my personal life is being totally disrupted for the second time for no very compelling reason -- I cannot help looking around at the black leather jacket brigades standing idly on the street corners and in the taverns of every American city and asking myself if our society has gone mad.

It has the same crystal structure as red phosphorus and black arsenic, it oxidizes in air and may ignite spontaneously.

" The black race of Africa are inferior to the white man in point of intellect – better calculated in physical structure to undergo drudgery and hardship – standing, as they do, many degrees lower in the scale of gradation that expresses the relative relation between God and all that he has created than the white man.

author Debra Dickerson has argued that the term " black " should refer strictly to the descendents of Africans brought to America as slaves, and not the sons and daughters of black immigrants who lack that ancestry.

" She has also rejected an immigrant designation for African-Americans and instead prefers the term " black " or " white " to denote the African and European U. S. founding populations.

The work which black women have been forced to perform, either in slavery or in a discriminatory work place, that would be non-gender conforming for white women has been used against black women as a proof of their emasculating behaviour.

According to United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization the term bean should include only species of Phaseolus ; however, a strict consensus definition has proven difficult because in the past, several species such as Vigna ( angularis ( azuki bean ), mungo ( black gram ), radiata ( mung bean ), aconitifolia ( moth bean )) were classified as Phaseolus and later reclassified.

More recently, British artist James Mylne has been creating photo-realistic artwork using mostly black ballpoints, sometimes with minimal mixed-media color.

The Spot-bellied Bobwhite looks very similar, but has no black facial coloration and lives in Central America.

The Rain Quail has a black breast, lives in Asia, and is larger.

After a black hole has formed it can continue to grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings.

The no-hair theorem states that, once it achieves a stable condition after formation, a black hole has only three independent physical properties: mass, charge, and angular momentum.

This behavior is so puzzling that it has been called the black hole information loss paradox.

Dennis the Menace's famous ' red and black ' jersey had formed the colours of a few of the Beano characters ' clothes ( Minnie the Minx has the same, although the placement of the stripes is a bit different ; Ball Boy's was a vertical red and black ; Roger the Dodger has a chessboard design top, and Danny ( from the Bash Street Kids ) has a similar cap ), but they have changed for Minnie and Ball Boy ( Minnie at one point had a red and yellow top and Ball Boy's strip is now black and blue ).