Within the field of computer science, specifically in the area of formal languages, the Chomsky hierarchy ( occasionally referred to as Chomsky – Schützenberger hierarchy ) is a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars.

Note that the set of grammars corresponding to recursive languages is not a member of this hierarchy.

That is one of the four types of grammars in the Chomsky hierarchy.

In the Chomsky hierarchy, regular languages are defined to be the languages that are generated by Type-3 grammars ( regular grammars ).

L-system grammars are very similar to the semi-Thue grammar ( see Chomsky hierarchy ).

The layered trees of many phrase structure grammars grant noun phrases an intricate structure that acknowledges a hierarchy of functional projections.

* Chomsky hierarchy, in computer science, a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars

Generative grammars can be described and compared with the aid of the Chomsky hierarchy proposed by Noam Chomsky in the 1950s.

In non-verb-final languages, apart from languages like Thai and Vietnamese with very strong politeness distinctions in their grammars, gapped relative clauses tend however to be restricted to positions high up in the accessibility hierarchy.

Some authors, however, reserve the term for more restricted grammars in the Chomsky hierarchy: context-sensitive grammars, or context-free grammars.

Even Rector himself was prey to this spirit of competition and he knew it, not for a more exalted office in the hierarchy of the church -- his ambitions for the bishopry had died very early in his career -- but for the one clear victory he had talked about to the colonel.

But as November 1924 drew close the Democratic hierarchy was sorely troubled by grapevine reports that O'Banion was being wooed by the opposition, and was meeting and conferring with important Republicans.

The return of the Catholic hierarchy in 1850 was looked upon with indignant disapprobation and, in fact, was charged with being a gesture of disloyalty.

The lay abbot took his recognized rank in the feudal hierarchy, and was free to dispose of his fief as in the case of any other.

The new administration for the Community's affairs was organized into a hierarchy of councils at the local, national, and regional levels.

In 1884, he was created by Pope Leo XIII Archbishop of Caesarea in partibus and sent to India as an Apostolic Delegate to report on the establishment of the hierarchy there.

Alexander was fascinated by Pseudo-Dionysian hierarchy of angels and in how their nature can be understood, given Aristotelian metaphysics.

The hierarchy of FidoNet BBS nodes, hubs, and zones was maintained in a routing table called a Nodelist.

While still tightly linked to the court culture and absolutism, with its formality and emphasis on order and hierarchy, the new style was also a cleaner style — one that favored clearer divisions between parts, brighter contrasts and colors, and simplicity rather than complexity, and the typical orchestra size increased.

Although Wang succeeded Sun as Chairman of the National Government, Chiang's relatively low position in the party's internal hierarchy was bolstered by his military backing and adept political maneuvering following the Zhongshan Warship Incident.

Jacob Burckhardt, in his cultural classic The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, observed that hierarchy, exclusionary and inherited caste structure was pervasive in Italy, from the nobili caste to the merchants to the peasants.

It was Renaissance in Italy, in the late Middle Ages, that started a movement of hostility to caste hierarchy, and then a shift towards ideas of equality, merit, freedoms, skepticism, innovation, judge people by their talent and not by their birth, and such concepts.

A further change was democratisation at the top of the party hierarchy, as Voroshilov noted at a Presidium meeting in 1954.

At lower levels the organizational hierarchy was managed by Party Committees, or partkoms ( партком ).

IMS was generally similar in concept to Codasyl, but used a strict hierarchy for its model of data navigation instead of Codasyl's network model.

This demand, however, was coupled with a promise of thorough reform in the Roman hierarchy, and openly admitted the partial guilt of the Vatican in the decline of the Church.

Although the worship of images would eventually fall out of favour ( and be replaced by the iconoclastic fire temples ), the lasting legacy of the Achaemenids was a vast, complex hierarchy of Yazatas ( modern Zoroastrianism's Angels ) that were now not just evident in the religion, but firmly established, not least because the divinities received dedications in the Zoroastrian calendar, thus ensuring that they were frequently invoked.

" In the hierarchy of nubbiedom, the supremely rewarding self-sacrifice was the loss of a right leg and a left arm, because, so the theory went, ' afterward, you could still write your name and still have a foot to press the gas pedal of your Cadillac.

Ethologist Dr. Valerius Geist of the University of Calgary, Alberta wrote that Fenrir's maiming and ultimate killing of Odin, who had previously nurtured him, was likely based on true experiences of wolf-behaviour, seeing as wolves are genetically encoded to rise up the pack hierarchy and have on occasion been recorded to rebel against and kill their parents.

At times, those in the royal kitchens did fall under the guild hierarchy, but it was necessary to find them a parallel appointment based on their skills after leaving the service of the royal kitchens.

Verner posited that the labor was organized into a hierarchy, consisting of two gangs of 100, 000 men, divided into five zaa or phyle of 20, 000 men each, which may have been further divided according to the skills of the workers.

The structure of proteins is traditionally described in a hierarchy of four levels.

Set inclusions described by the Chomsky hierarchy

" He argues this " implies that any conceivable parallel universe theory can be described at Level IV " and " subsumes all other ensembles, therefore brings closure to the hierarchy of multiverses, and there cannot be say a Level V ."

In his book The Blind Watchmaker, Dawkins introduced the term " hierarchical reductionism " to describe the view that complex systems can be described with a hierarchy of organizations, each of which is only described in terms of objects one level down in the hierarchy.

They described a hierarchy of attack models for signature schemes, and also present the GMR signature scheme, the first that can be proven to prevent even an existential forgery against a chosen message attack.

Note the ' grid squares thus formed are far larger than the city blocks described earlier, and the road layouts within the grid squares are generally ' organic ' in form — matching the ' street hierarchy model described above

Turbulent flows may be viewed as made of an entire hierarchy of eddies over a wide range of length scales and the hierarchy can be described by the energy spectrum that measures the energy in velocity fluctuations for each wave number.

In their extensive review of research based on Maslow's theory, Wahba and Brudwell found little evidence for the ranking of needs Maslow described, or even for the existence of a definite hierarchy at all.

He was also, even during World War II, described by both sides as one of the most intelligent people in the Nazi hierarchy.

Quantification over higher type objects, such as functions from natural numbers to natural numbers, is described by a superscript greater than 0, as in the analytical hierarchy.

The development of the fish from juvenile to adult is dependent on the system of hierarchy, and can be described as density-dependent.

He was a master of administration, logistics, and the politics necessary at the top of the military hierarchy, but exerted little effective control over field operations from his post in Washington, D. C. President Abraham Lincoln once described him as " little more than a first rate clerk.

An ecclesiastical hierarchy with one man having the preeminence over others is considered man-rule and not the pattern described in the Bible for church leadership.

English is unusual in that all roles in the embedded clause can be indicated by gapping: e. g. " I saw the man who is my friend ", but also ( in progressively less accessible positions cross-linguistically, according to the accessibility hierarchy described below ) "... who I know ", "... who I gave a book to ", "... who I spoke with ", "... who I run slower than ".

Orthodox in dispositon, McIntyre has been described by Harvard historian Lisa McGirr as " the most extreme right-wing member of the American Catholic hierarchy " during his time.

When Bishop James P. Shannon expressed views critical of the Church hierarchy in an NBC documentary in the late 1960s, McIntyre described Shannon's views as constituting " incipient schism.

The 16th century Dutch demonologist Johann Weyer described him as the master of fate in hell's hierarchy.

Smaller and more isolated tribes often demonstrate less articulated classification systems of the spiritual hierarchy, described as animism or a generalized worship of spiritual energies connected with locations, activities, and social groups.