The Vipava Valley, through which Alboin led the Lombards into ItalyAs a precautionary move Alboin strengthened his alliance with the Avars, signing what Paul calls a foedus perpetuum (" perpetual treaty ") and what is referred to in the 9th-century Historia Langobardorum codicis Gothani as a pactum et foedus amicitiae (" pact and treaty of friendship "), adding that the treaty was put down on paper.

The success of this paper led to five further publications, The Rover and The Wizard in 1922, The Vanguard in 1924, The Skipper in 1930 and The Hotspur in 1933.

In premodern China, the need for credit and for circulating a medium that was less of a burden than exchanging thousands of copper coins led to the introduction of paper money, commonly known today as banknotes.

The internal white paper by Frank Hecker that led to the release of the Mozilla ( then Netscape ) source code in 1998 cited The Cathedral and the Bazaar as " independent validation " of ideas proposed by Eric Hahn and Jamie Zawinski.

This and other data led Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge to publish the seminal paper on punctuated equilibrium in 1971.

More than one century after Euler's paper on the bridges of Königsberg and while Listing introduced topology, Cayley was led by the study of particular analytical forms arising from differential calculus to study a particular class of graphs, the trees.

Licklider ( see his 1960 paper Man-Computer Symbiosis ), Douglas Engelbart ( see his 1962 report Augmenting Human Intellect ), and also led to Ted Nelson's groundbreaking work in concepts of hypermedia and hypertext.

He found an essential clue in a 1924 paper by Edmund C. Stoner which pointed out that for a given value of the principal quantum number ( n ), the number of energy levels of a single electron in the alkali metal spectra in an external magnetic field, where all degenerate energy levels are separated, is equal to the number of electrons in the closed shell of the noble gases for the same value of n. This led Pauli to realize that the complicated numbers of electrons in closed shells can be reduced to the simple rule of one per state, if the electron states are defined using four quantum numbers.

Consequently their only way of paying back the debt was in foreign currency, but attempts to purchase foreign currency with devalued paper Marks led to the hyperinflation.

Under Abbasid rule, the legend goes, the secret of papermaking was obtained from two Chinese prisoners from the Battle of Talas in 751, which led to the first paper mill in the Islamic world being founded in Samarkand.

His work led to recognition by the government of France as well as the awarding of a government grant to establish the Montgolfier factory as a model for other French paper makers.

At that time, much of its composing room staff was on strike, and early returns led the paper to believe that the Republican candidate Thomas Dewey would win.

Medieval historian Lynn White credited the spinning wheel with increasing the supply of rags, which led to cheap paper, which was a factor in the development of printing .< ref >

* Iliev ( 2007 ): This research paper indicated that SOX 404 indeed led to conservative reported earnings, but also reduced — rightly or wrongly — stock valuations of small firms.

In a largely overlooked passage from his famous 1858 paper to the Linnean Society ( which led Darwin to publish On the Origin of Species ) Alfred Russel Wallace says of the evolutionary principle:

These become the center of a medico-legal investigation led by Dr. Thorndyke, who defends the accused whose fingerprint matches that on the paper, after the diamonds are stolen.

This led musicologists such as Tom Beghin to believe that the technique of placing a strip of paper on piano strings would probably have originated before it was standardised as a register operated with stops, and that, for instance, Mozart's Alla Turca can safely be played with a piece of paper on some of the strings as a historical interpretation.

However, her work was published third, in the series of three DNA Nature articles, led by the paper of Watson and Crick which only hinted at her contribution to their hypothesis.

Lambert first considered the related Lambert's Transcendental Equation in 1758, which led to a paper by Leonhard Euler in 1783 that discussed the special case of we < sup > w </ sup >.

Around this time, he made his first significant mathematical discoveries, ones that led him to the important ideas he set out in his 1844 paper referred to as A1 ( see references ).

John Henry Poynting later noted that the data should have led to a value of 5. 448, and indeed that is the average value of the twenty-nine determinations Cavendish included in his paper.

In a paper dated May 1983 Douglas argued that an unregulated market led to unhealthy concentrations of market power.

Lock-outs were not uncommon ; the most spectacular occurred at a pulp and paper mill owned by Fletcher Challenge and led to changes to work practices and a no-strike commitment from the union.

The musician and musical historian Jane Clark, in her 1995 paper Lord Burlington is Here, claimed that Lord Burlington led a secret double life as a Whig aristocrat and loyal supporter of the newly installed Hanoverian regime, and as a Jacobite supporter who was secretly facilitating the return of the exiled Stuart monarchy.

The oilheating industry is looking up, led by a revival of research and development.

The potato chip industry these days is growing, not only as a result of population increase and public acceptance of convenience foods, but also because of a combination of circumstances that has led to growth by merger.

The commercial and critical success of this film opened up Western film markets for the first time to the products of the Japanese film industry, which in turn led to international recognition for other Japanese filmmakers.

Andrew Carnegie (, but commonly or ; November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919 ) was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century.

This led to a public relations disaster for Aventis and the biotechnology industry as a whole.

The German armament industry did not fully mobilize until 1944, and this has led to some historians in the 1960s, particularly Alan Milward, to develop a theory of blitzkrieg economics.

The growth of the population of ancient civilizations, the formation of ancient empires concentrating political power, and the growth in commerce and manufacturing led to ever greater capital cities and centres of commerce and industry, with Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia of the Hellenistic civilization, Pataliputra ( now Patna ) in India, Chang ' an ( now Xi ' an ) in China, Carthage, ancient Rome, its eastern successor Constantinople ( later Istanbul ).

Technology transfer has allowed Chile to build its global competitiveness and innovation and has led to the expansion of production as well as to an increase in average firm size in the industry.

The great oxidizing potential of chlorine led it to its bleaching and disinfectant uses, as well as uses of an essential reagent in the chemical industry.

The coming of the railroad to North Cambridge and Northwest Cambridge then led to three major changes in the city: the development of massive brickyards and brickworks between Massachusetts Ave., Concord Ave. and Alewife Brook ; the ice-cutting industry launched by Frederic Tudor on Fresh Pond ; and the carving up of the last estates into residential subdivisions to provide housing to the thousands of immigrants that arrived to work in the new industries.

At the 18th Party Conference ( 15 – 20 February 1941 ) it was concluded that the abolition of the Central Committee Department on Industry had led to the neglect of industry.

Due to the highly networked nature of the IT industry, this quickly led to problems for small companies dependent on contracts from operators.

This has led to changing dynamics for the advertising industry

Because of the large local market for films in Russia, the industry there was not harmed by the war at first, although the isolation of the country led many Russian films to develop peculiarly distinctive features.

The Italian film industry took shape between 1903 and 1908, led by three major organizations-Cines, based in Rome ; and the Turin-based companies ' Ambrosio ' and ' Itala Film '.

It is generally regarded that the British film industry enjoyed a ' golden age ' in the 1940s, led by the studios of J. Arthur Rank and Alexander Korda.

The opportunities offered by the booming Hollywood film industry and, later, the threat of growing Nazi power led to the emigration of many important film artists working in Germany who had either been directly involved in the Expressionist movement or studied with its practitioners.

The demands led to demonstrations and large-scale strikes in both industry and agriculture throughout Finland.

The English Civil War, 1642 – 1645, led to an expansion of the gunpowder industry, with the repeal of the Royal Patent in August 1641.

The introduction of smokeless powder in the late 19th century led to a contraction of the gunpowder industry.

This project, led by ESA and European Satellite Navigation Industries, has provided industry with fundamental knowledge to develop the mission segment of the Galileo positioning system.

This maturing and growth within the industry has led to technically more advanced special effects and costuming, comparable with that of Hollywood films.

The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanisation and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe and then in other regions, as new opportunities brought huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas.

Rapid improvements, innovations, and diversification in communications technology, including optical fiber cables, communications satellites, and fax machines, led to rapid growth of the communications industry in the 1980s.

The absence of VAT also led to the growth of a fulfilment industry, whereby low-value luxury items, such as videos, lingerie and contact lenses are exported in a manner avoiding VAT on arrival, thus undercutting local prices on the same products.